Cho hai số thực x,y thỏa mãn \(x+y+1=2\left(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y+3}\right)\). Tập giá trị của biểu thức S = x + y
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Lời giải:
$xy+\sqrt{(1+x^2)(1+y^2)}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{(1+x^2)(1+y^2)}=1-xy$
$\Rightarrow (1+x^2)(1+y^2)=(1-xy)^2$ (bp 2 vế)
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2=-2xy$
$\Leftrightarrow (x+y)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-y$.
Khi đó:
$M=(x+\sqrt{1+(-x)^2})(-x+\sqrt{1+x^2})=(\sqrt{1+x^2}+x)(\sqrt{1+x^2}-x)$
$=1+x^2-x^2=1$
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge-3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x+y+1\ge0\)
Bình phương 2 vế giả thiết:
\(\left(x+y+1\right)^2=4\left(x+y+1+2\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(y+3\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+y+1\right)^2\le4\left(x+y+1+x+y+1\right)=5\left(x+y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+1\le5\Rightarrow x+y\le4\)
Mặt khác:
\(\left(x+y+1\right)^2=4\left(x+y+1+2\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(y+3\right)}\right)\ge4\left(x+y+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+1\ge4\\x+y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y\ge3\\x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3\le S\le4\\S=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-4=a\\y-3=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=5\)
\(Q=\sqrt{\left(a+5\right)^2+b^2}+\sqrt{\left(a+3\right)^2+\left(b+4\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{2\left[\left(a+5\right)^2+b^2+\left(a+3\right)^2+\left(b+4\right)^2\right]}\) (Bunhiacopxki)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(a^2+8a+b^2+4b+25\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(a^2+2.4a+b^2+2.2b+25\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(a^2+2\left(a^2+4\right)+b^2+2\left(b^2+1\right)+25\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\le\sqrt{4\left(3a^2+3b^2+35\right)}\le\sqrt{4\left(3.5+35\right)}=10\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=6\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+3}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{y}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow b\left(b^2+1\right)-3a^2=\left(a^2+1\right)a-3b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3-b^3+3a^2-3b^2+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(3a+3b\right)+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+3a+3b+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+3}=\sqrt{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow y=2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow M=x\left(2x+3\right)+3\left(2x+3\right)-4x^2-3\) tới đây chắc chỉ cần bấm máy
Ta có:
\(1.\sqrt{1+x^2}+1.\sqrt{2x}\le\sqrt{\left(1+1\right)\left(1+x^2+2x\right)}=\sqrt{2}\left(x+1\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\sqrt{1+y^2}+\sqrt{2y}\le\sqrt{2}\left(y+1\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{1+z^2}+\sqrt{2z}\le\sqrt{2}\left(z+1\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\sqrt{2}\left(x+y+z+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\le\sqrt{2}\left(3+3\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{2}\right).3=6+3\sqrt{2}\)
\(P_{max}=6+3\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)