chứng minh rằng \(\frac{n+1}{n}>\frac{n+3}{n+1}\)
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Đặt:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{101}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{99}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{9}{4}\)
Câu 2/ Ta có:
\(n^{n+1}>\left(n+1\right)^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n>\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n\left(1\right)\)
Giờ ta chứng minh cái (1) đúng với mọi \(n\ge3\)
Với \(n=3\) thì dễ thấy (1) đúng.
Giả sử (1) đúng đến \(n=k\) hay
\(k>\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k\)
Ta cần chứng minh (1) đúng với \(n=k+1\)hay \(k+1>\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}\)
Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}< \left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^{k+1}=\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k.\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)\)
\(< k\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)=k+1\)
Vậy có ĐPCM
Đặt P = ...
* Chứng minh P > 1/2 :
\(P\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)^2}{n+1+n+2+n+3+...+n+n}\)
Từ \(n+1\) đến \(n+n\) có n số => tổng \(\left(n+1\right)+\left(n+2\right)+\left(n+3\right)+...+\left(n+n\right)\) là:
\(\frac{n\left(n+n+n+1\right)}{2}=\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\ge\frac{n^2}{\frac{n\left(3n+1\right)}{2}}=\frac{2n}{3n+1}\)
Mà \(n>1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(4n>3n+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{n}{3n+1}>\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P>\frac{1}{2}\)
* Chứng minh P < 3/4 :
Có: \(\frac{1}{n+1}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+2}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{n+3}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{n+n}=\frac{1}{2n}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(n.\frac{1}{n}\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{n}\right)< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}=\frac{2}{4}< \frac{3}{4}\) ( do n>1 )
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< \frac{3}{4}\)
1. Đề thiếu
2. BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Ta có:
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}.3abc\left(a+b+c\right)\) (đpcm)
3.
Ta có:
\(\left(a^6+b^6+1\right)\left(1+1+1\right)\ge\left(a^3+b^3+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+1+b^3+c^3+1+c^3+a^3+1\right)\)
\(VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Lại có:
\(a^3+b^3+1\ge3ab\) ; \(b^3+c^3+1\ge3bc\) ; \(c^3+a^3+1\ge3ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)+3\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3}}=3\sqrt{3}\)
4.
Ta có:
\(a^3+1+1\ge3a\) ; \(b^3+1+1\ge3b\) ; \(c^3+1+1\ge3c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3+6\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3\ge3\)
5.
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\) ; \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}\) ; \(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{b}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{c}}\le\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}=1\)
* t sẽ chứng minh đề thiếu điều kiện \(n>0\)
ĐKXĐ : \(n>0\) hoặc \(n< -1\)
+) Nếu \(n>0\) ta có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2}}=\frac{1}{\left|n\right|}=\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(............\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}< \frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}>\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n}+...+\frac{1}{n}\)
\(=n.\frac{1}{n}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< 1\)
+) Nếu \(n< -1\) ta có :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2}}=\frac{1}{\left|n\right|}=\frac{1}{-n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}< \frac{1}{-n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}< \frac{1}{-n}\)
\(............\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}< \frac{1}{-n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n^2+n}}< \frac{1}{-n}+\frac{1}{-n}+\frac{1}{-n}+...+\frac{1}{-n}\)
\(=n.\frac{1}{-n}=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(P< -1\)
Vậy nếu \(n>0\) thì \(P< 1\) , nếu \(n< -1\) thì \(P< -1\)
hehe :))
Đặt A = \(\frac{1}{1^2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\)< \(1+\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
=> A < 1 + (1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ... + 1/(n - 1) - 1/n)
=> A < 1 + (1 - 1/n)
=> A < 2 - 1/n
Lời giải:
ĐK: $0< n< 1$
Ta thấy:
$\frac{n+1}{n}-\frac{n+3}{n+1}=\frac{(n+1)(n+1)-n(n+3)}{n(n+1)}$
$=\frac{n^2+2n+1-n^2-3n}{n(n+1)}=\frac{1-n}{n(n+1)}>0$ với mọi $0< n< 1$
Do đó $\frac{n+1}{n}>\frac{n+3}{n+1}$ (đpcm)