Bài 1: Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
1)x3 + 2x2 - 6x - 27
2)12x3 + 4x2 - 27x - 9
3)x4 - 25x2 + 20x - 4
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a) x2-xz-9y2+3yz
=(x2-9y2)-(xz-3yz)
=(x-3y)(x+3y)-z(x-3y)
=(x-3y)(x+3y-z)
b)x3-x2-5x+125
=x3-6x2+25x+5x2-30x+125
=x(x2-6x+25)+5(x2-6x+25)
=(x+5)(x2-6x+25)
c.x3+2x2-6x-27
=x3+5x2+9x-3x2-15x-27
=x(x2+5x+9)-3(x2+5x+9)
=(x-3)(x2+5x+9)
d. 12x3+4x2-27x-9
=12x3+4x2-27x-9
=4x2(3x+1)-9(3x+1)
=(4x2-9)(3x+1)
=(2x-3)(2x+3)(3x+1)
e.x4-25x2+20x-4
=x4+5x3-2x2-5x2-25x+10+2x2+10x-4
=x2(x2+5x-2)-5(x2+5x-2)+2(x2+5x-2)
=(x2-5x+2)(x2+5x-2)
f.x2(x2-6)-x2+9
=x4+x3-3x2-x3-x2+3x-3x2-3x+9
=x2(x2+x-3)-x(x2+x-3)-3(x2+x-3)
=(x2-x-3)(x2+x-3)
\(a,36-4x^2+20xy-25y^2\\ =36-\left(4x^2-20xy+25y^2\right)\\ =6^2-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.5y+\left(5y\right)^2\right]\\ =6^2-\left(2x-5y\right)^2\\ =\left[6-\left(2x-5y\right)\right]\left[6+\left(2x-5y\right)\right]\\ =\left(6-2x+5y\right).\left(6+2x-5y\right)\)
a/
\(=6^2-\left[\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.5y+\left(5y\right)^2\right]=\)
\(6^2-\left(2x-5y\right)^2=\left[6-\left(2x-5y\right)\right].\left[6+\left(2x-5y\right)\right]\)
a.
\(1-4x^2=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\)
b.
\(8-27x^3=\left(2\right)^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)
c.
\(27+27x+9x^2+x^3=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.3^2.x+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)
d.
\(2x^3+4x^2+2x=2x\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)^2\)
e.
\(x^2-y^2-5x+5y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
f.
\(x^2-6x+9-y^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-3-y\right)\left(x-3+y\right)\)
a) \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)-\left(2x+4y\right)=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
b) \(x^3+2x^2+2x+1=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1+2x\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
c) \(x^3-4x^2+12x-27=x^3-3x^2-x^2+3x+9x-27=x^2\left(x-3\right)-x\left(x-3\right)+9\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-x+9\right)\)
d) \(a^6-a^4+2a^3+2a^2=a^2\left(a^4-a^2+2a+2\right)=a^2\left[a^2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)+2\left(a+1\right)\right]=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left(a^3-a^2+2\right)=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left[a^3+a^2-2a^2+2\right]=a^2\left(a+1\right)\left[a^2\left(a+1\right)-2\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)\right]=a^2\left(a+1\right)^2\left(a^2-2a+2\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x^2-2x-4y^2-4y\)
\(=\left(x^2-4y^2\right)-\left(2x+4y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(x^3+2x^2+2x+1\)
\(=\left(x^3+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+2x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
a) x² - 9
= x² - 3²
= (x - 3)(x + 3)
b) 4x² - 1
= (2x)² - 1²
= (2x - 1)(2x + 1)
c) x⁴ - 16
= (x²)² - 4²
= (x² - 4)(x² + 4)
= (x² - 2²)(x² + 4)
= (x - 2)(x + 2)(x + 4)
d) x² - 4x + 4
= x² - 2.x.2 + 2²
= (x - 2)²
e) x³ - 8
= x³ - 2³
= (x - 2)(x² + 2x + 4)
f) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1
= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³
= (x + 1)³