Chứng minh: 13+23+33+...+n3=\(\left[\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right]\)2 với n\(\in N\)*
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CM : \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right]\)
Có : \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+2\right)-n}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{n+2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{n}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right]\)
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right]\) đpcm
\(\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Ta có đpcm.
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{n}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}\)
Vì VT=VP nên ta có đpcm
\(\text{Ta có:}\)
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}-\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{2}{n+1}\left(1\right)\)
\(\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}+\frac{2}{n+1}-\frac{2}{n+1}=\frac{2n\left(n+2\right)+2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{2}{n+1}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{2}{n+1}=\frac{2\left(n+1\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{2}{n+1}\left(2\right)\)
\(\text{Từ (1) và (2) ta có: ĐPCM}\)
Lời giải:
\(M=\frac{1.2.3.4.5.6.7...(2n-1)}{2.4.6...(2n-2).(n+1)(n+2)....2n}=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2.1.2.2.2.3...2(n-1).(n+1).(n+2)...2n}\)
\(=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.1.2...(n-1).(n+1).(n+2)....2n}=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.1.2...(n-1).n(n+1)..(2n-1).2}\)
\(=\frac{(2n-1)!}{2^{n-1}.(2n-1)!.2}=\frac{1}{2^{n-1}.2}<\frac{1}{2^{n-1}}\)
Ta có đpcm.
+ n =1 đúng
+ g/s đúng với n =k
=> 13 +23 +.....+k3 =(k(k+1)/2)2
+với n = k+1
=> 13 +23 +.....+ k3 +(k+1)3 = ( 1+2+....+k)2 + (k+1)3 =\(\frac{\left(k+1\right)^2k^2}{4}+\left(k+1\right)^3=\frac{1}{4}\left(k+1\right)^2\left(k^2+4k+4\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(k+1\right)^2\left(k+2\right)^2=\left(\frac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right)^2\)
Vậy đúng với n =k+1
=> dpcm