Nung 15.8g KMnO4. Sau thời gian thu được 15.16g chất rắn. Tính hiệu suất
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nO2 = 6.72/22.4 = 0.3 (mol)
BTKL :
mKMnO4 = 116.8 + 0.3*32 = 126.4 (g)
nKMnO4 = 126.4/158 = 0.8 (mol)
2KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0.6_________________________0.3
H% = 0.6/0.8 * 100% = 75%
Gọi n KMnO4 = a
n KClO3 = b ( mol )
--> 158a + 122,5 b = 43,3
PTHH :
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\)
0,9b 1,35b
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
0,9a 0,45a
\(\%Mn=\dfrac{55a}{43,3-32\left(0,45a+1,35b\right)}=24,103\%\)
\(\rightarrow a=0,15\)
\(b=0,16\)
\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,15.158=23,7\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{KClO_3}=0,16.122,5=19,6\left(g\right)\)
1) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
mA = mKMnO4(bđ) - mO2 = 79 - 0,15.32 = 74,2 (g)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,3<-----------0,15<----0,15<---0,15
=> \(H=\dfrac{0,3.158}{79}.100\%=60\%\)
2)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.197}{74,2}.100\%=39,825\%\\\%m_{MnO_2}=\dfrac{0,15.87}{74,2}.100\%=17,588\%\\\%m_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79-0,3.158}{74,2}.100\%=42,587\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
3) \(n_{KMnO_4\left(không.pư\right)}=\dfrac{79}{158}-0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 + 16HCl --> 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
0,2----------------------------------->0,5
K2MnO4 + 8HCl --> 2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
0,15-------------------------------->0,3
MnO2 + 4Hcl --> MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
0,15------------------->0,15
=> \(V_{Cl_2}=22,4\left(0,5+0,3+0,15\right)=21,28\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{KMnO_4}=\dfrac{79}{158}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,5 0,15
a)\(m_{KMnO_4}=0,15\cdot197=29,55g\)
\(m_{MnO_2}=0,15\cdot87=13,05g\)
\(m_{CRắn}=m_{KMnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}=29,55+13,05=42,6g\)
\(n_{KMnO_4pư}=0,15\cdot2=0,3mol\)
\(H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}\cdot100\%=60\%\)
b)\(m_{O_2}=0,15\cdot32=4,8g\)
\(\%m_{K_2MnO_4}=\dfrac{29,55}{42,6}\cdot100\%=69,37\%\)
\(\%m_{MnO_2}=100\%-69,37\%=30,63\%\)
Gọi số mol KMnO4 phản ứng là a (mol).
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^{^0}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(n_{KMnO_4bđ}=\dfrac{79}{158}=0,5mol\\ n_{K_2MnO_4}=n_{MnO_2}=n_{O_2}=a\left(mol\right)\\ m_{rắn}=m_{K_2MnO_4}+m_{MnO_2}+m_{KMnO_4dư}=197.0,5a+87.0,5a+158\left(0,5-a\right)=74,2\\ a=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ H=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}.100\%=60\%\)
Gọi x, y là số mol lần lượt của KMnO4 và KClO3
\(158x+122,5y=43,3\left(1\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,9x_____________________0,45x____
\(2KClO_3\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\)
0,9y_______________1,35y
\(\%_{Mn}=\frac{55a}{43,3-32\left(0,45x+1,35y\right)}=24,103\left(2\right)\)
Giải hệ phương trình : (1) + (2)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\b=0,16\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\%_{KMnO4}=54,73\%\Rightarrow\%_{KClO3}=45,27\%\)
Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Rắn gồm \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(PTHH:Fe_2O_3+3H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\\ \left(mol\right)....0,5x.........\leftarrow x\)
\(m_{Fe}+m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}=m_{rắn}\\ \Leftrightarrow56x+\left(24-0,5x.160\right)=19,2\\ \Leftrightarrow56x+24-80x=19,2\\ \Leftrightarrow24x=4,8\\ \Leftrightarrow x=0,2\)
\(H=\dfrac{m_{Fe_2O_3\left(pư\right)}}{m_{Fe_2O_3}}.100\%=\dfrac{m_{Fe_2O_3}-m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}}{m_{Fe_2O_3}}.100\%=\left(1-\dfrac{m_{Fe_2O_3\left(dư\right)}}{m_{Fe_2O_3}}\right).100\%=\left(1-\dfrac{24-0,5.0,2.160}{24}\right).100\%=\dfrac{200}{3}\approx66,67\%\)
mCaCO3 = 500*80%= 400 (g)
nCaCO3 = 400/100 = 4 (mol)
nCaCO3(pư) = 4*70%=2.8 (mol)
CaCO3 -to-> CaO + CO2
2.8..................2.8
Chất rắn X : CaCO3 dư , CaO
mX = ( 4 -2.8 ) *100 + 2.8*56 = 276.8 (g)
%CaO = 2.8*56/276.8 * 100% = 56.64%
a)mCaCO3=500.80%=400(g) -> nCaCO3=400/100=4(mol)
PTHH: CaCO3 -to-> CaO + H2O
nCaO(LT)=nCaCO3=4(mol)
=> nCaO(TT)=4. 70%=2,8(mol)
=>mX=mCaO+ m(trơ)+ mCaCO3(chưa p.ứ)=2,8.56+100+ 1,2.100=376,8(g)
b) %mCaO= (156,8/376,8).100=41,614%
2KMnO4---->K2MnO4+MnO2+O2
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng ta có
m O2=m KMnO4- m chất rắn
=15,8-15,16=0,64(g)
n O2=0,64/32=0,02(mol)
Theo pthh
n KMnO4=2n O2=0,04(mol)
m KMnO4=0,04.158=6,32(g)
H%=\(\frac{6,32}{15,8}.100\%=40\%\)