Tìm GTNN, GTLN của
\(A=x^2+y^2\) , bt rằng:
\(x^2\left(x^2+2y^2-3\right)+\left(y^2-2\right)^2=1\)
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Đặt \(a=x^2;b=y^2\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(A=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}\)
\(\left|A\right|=\frac{\left|\left(a-b\right)\left(1-ab\right)\right|}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b^2\right)}\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}{\left(1+a\right)^2\left(1+b\right)^2}\)
\(\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)+\left(1+ab\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)^2\left(b+1\right)^2\ge4\left(a+b\right)\left(1+ab\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|A\right|\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow-4\le A\le4\)
\(A=-4\Leftrightarrow a=0;b=1\Leftrightarrow x=0;y=+1or-1\)
\(A=4\Leftrightarrow a=1;b=0\Leftrightarrow x=+-1;y=0\)
Vậy \(MinA=-4;MaxA=4\)
\(x^4+2x^2y^2-3x^2+y^4-4y^2+4=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4=1-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-2\right)^2=1-x^2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x^2+y^2-2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le x^2+y^2\le3\)
\(A_{min}=1\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A_{max}=0\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=\pm\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
pt <=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+3=-x^2\le0\) (1)
(1)<=> \(A^2-4A+3\le0\Leftrightarrow1\le A\le3\)
Vậy GTNN của A là 1 tại x = 0 y =+- 1
GTLN của A là 3 tại x = 0 ; y= +-căn3
\(y=x+\dfrac{1}{x}-5\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{x}}-5=-3\)
\(y_{min}=-3\) khi \(x=1\)
\(y=4x^2+\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{1}{2x}-4\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{4x^2}{2x.2x}}-4=-1\)
\(y_{min}=-1\) khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(y=x+\dfrac{4}{x}\Rightarrow y'=1-\dfrac{4}{x^2}=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
\(y\left(-2\right)=-4\Rightarrow\max\limits_{x>0}y=-4\) khi \(x=-2\)
\(x^4+2x^2y^2+y^4-3x^2-4y^2+4=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-4\left(x^2+y^2\right)+4=1-x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-2\right)^2=1-x^2\)
Do \(1-x^2\le1\) \(\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x^2+y^2-2\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le x^2+y^2\le3\)
\(A_{min}=1\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A_{max}=3\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=\pm\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A\)xác định \(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+1+\left(x^2-y\right)\left(1-y\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y^2+1+x^2-x^2y-y+y^2\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2y^2+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)-\left(x^2y+y\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^2\left(x^2+1\right)+\left(x^2+1\right)-y\left(x^2+1\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left(y^2-y+1\right)\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\ne0\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1>0\forall x\\\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\forall y\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]>0\forall x;y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\ne0\forall x;y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ne0\forall x;y\)
1/a/
\(A=\frac{2}{xy}+\frac{3}{x^2+y^2}=\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}\right)-\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\frac{1}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}}=16-2=14\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b/
\(4B=\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{8}{xy}+16xy=\left(\frac{4}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{xy}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{xy}+16xy\right)+\frac{5}{xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+2\right)^2}{\left(x+y\right)^2}+2\sqrt{\frac{1}{xy}.16xy}+\frac{5}{\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}}\)
\(=16+8+20=44\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge11\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
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