Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a^3 - b^3 + c^3 + 3abc
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a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3 ) + b( c3 - b3 + b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - b3) + b(b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) - b(b3 - c3) - [b(a3 - b3) - c(a3- b3)]
= (b3 - c3)(a - b) - (a3- b3)(b - c)
= (b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)(a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)(b - c)
= (b - c)(a - b)(b2 + bc + c2 - a2 + ab - b2)
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c2 - a2) + (bc - ab) ]
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c - a)(c + a) + b(c - a) ]
= (b - c)(a -b) [ (c - a)(c + a + b) ]
= (a- b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)
a) \(x^4+2x^3-4x-4=\left(x^4+2x^3+x^2\right)-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2-\left(x+2\right)^2=\left(x^2+x-x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x^4+2x^3-4x-4\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^3+x^2\right)-\left(x^2+4x+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2-\left(x+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+x-x-2\right)\left(x^2+x+x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2\right)\cdot\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3 ) + b( c3 - b3 + b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
= a(b3 - c3) + b(c3 - b3) + b(b3 - a3) + c(a3 - b3)
\(=\left[a\left(b^3-c^3\right)-b\left(b^3-c^3\right)\right]-\left[b\left(a^3-b^3\right)-c\left(a^3-b^3\right)\right]\)
= (b3 - c3)(a - b) - (a3- b3)(b - c)
= (b - c)(b2 + bc + c2)(a - b) - (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)(b - c)
= (b - c)(a - b)(b2 + bc + c2 - a2 + ab - b2)
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c2 - a2) + (bc - ab) ]
= (b - c)(a - b) [ (c - a)(c + a) + b(c - a) ]
= (b - c)(a -b) [ (c - a)(c + a + b) ]
= (a- b)(b - c)(c - a)(a + b + c)
a3 ( c - b2 ) + b3 ( a - c2 ) + c3 ( b - a2 ) + abc ( abc - 1 )
= a3c - a3b2 + b3a - b3c2 + c3b - c3a2 + a2b2c2 - abc
= a2b2c2 - b3c2 - ( a2c3 - bc3 ) - ( a3b2 - ab3 ) + ( a3c - abc )
= b2c2 . ( a2 - b ) - c3 ( a2 - b ) - ab2 ( a2 - b ) + ac ( a2 - b )
= ( a2 - b ) ( b2c2 - c3 - ab2 + ac )
= ( a2 - b ) ( b2 - c ) ( c2 - a )
\(a^3-b^3+c^3+3abc\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^3+c^3+3abc+3a^2b-3ab^2\)
\(=\left[\left(a-b\right)^3+c^3\right]+3ab\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(c+a-b\right)\left[\left(a-b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)c+c^2\right]+3ab\left(c+a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(c+a-b\right)\left(a^2-2ab+b^2-ac+bc+c^2+3ab\right)\)
\(=\left(c+a-b\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab-ac+bc\right)\)