S=1+\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{144}}\)
chứng tỏ 22<S<33
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Để giải bài này, ta xét bất đẳng thức phụ :
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)
Áp dụng : \(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{25}}>2\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{4}+...+\sqrt{26}-\sqrt{25}\right)=2\left(\sqrt{26}-\sqrt{2}\right)=2\sqrt{26}-2\sqrt{2}>2\sqrt{25}-3=10-3=7\)Vậy S > 7
......................?
mik ko biết
mong bn thông cảm
nha ................
\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2025}-\sqrt{2024}}\)
Ta nhận xét thấy mỗi số hạng trong S đều dương. Từ đó ta đặt
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2024}-\sqrt{2023}}\left(A>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow S=A+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2025}-\sqrt{2024}}=A+\frac{\sqrt{2025}+\sqrt{2024}}{\left(\sqrt{2025}-\sqrt{2024}\right)\left(\sqrt{2025}+\sqrt{2024}\right)}\)
\(=A+\sqrt{2025}+\sqrt{2024}>\sqrt{2025}=45\)
Vậy \(S>45\)
PS: Phan Thanh Tịnh xem lại bài giải nhé bạn
Ta có : 1 = (n + 1) - n =\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{n}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2-\sqrt{n+1}.\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}.\sqrt{n}+\left(\sqrt{n}\right)^2\)
\(=\sqrt{n+1}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)+\sqrt{n}.\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\)\
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán,ta có :
\(S=\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2025}-\sqrt{2024}=\sqrt{2025}\)= 45
Vậy S = 45
Lời giải:
Liên hợp ta thấy:
\(2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})=2.\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(1)\)
\(2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})=2.\frac{n-(n-1)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)
------------------------
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>1+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+2(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+...+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S>1+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2})>18(*)\)
Và:
\(S< 1+2(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+....+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1})=19(**)\)
Từ $(*); (**)$ suy ra $18< S< 19$ (đpcm)
a)\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right).\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2.n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b)\(S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)
\( S=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(a,\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}\left(n+1-n\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n-1}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}-\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n}\cdot\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
b, \(S=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{400\sqrt{399}+399\sqrt{400}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{399}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{400}}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(tacó:...\frac{1}{3.\left(\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}\right)}>\frac{1}{3.2}=\frac{1}{\left(1+2.1\right).2.1}\)
\(\frac{1}{5.\left(\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}\right)}>\frac{1}{5.4}=\frac{1}{\left(1+2.2\right).2.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{7.\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}\right)}>\frac{1}{7.6}=\frac{1}{\left(1+2..3\right).2.3}\)
....
\(\frac{1}{49.\left(\sqrt{48}+\sqrt{49}\right)}>\frac{1}{49.48}=\frac{1}{\left(1+2.48\right).2.48}\)
cộng vế theo vế ta đươc S =\(\frac{1}{\left(1+2.1\right).2}+\frac{1}{\left(1+2.2\right).2.2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(1+2.48\right).48.2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{21}+\frac{1}{36}+...+\frac{1}{4656}\right)\) < \(\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{15}+...+\frac{1}{4656}\right)\)
mà lại có : \(A=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{10}+\frac{1}{15}+..+\frac{1}{4656}\)
=> \(\frac{1}{2}A=\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{12}+\frac{1}{20}+\frac{1}{30}+...+\frac{1}{9312}=\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{96.97}\)
= \(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{5}+...-\frac{1}{97}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{97}=\frac{95}{194}\)
vậy S < \(\frac{95}{194}\)
mà \(\frac{95}{194}< \frac{3}{7}\)
=> S < \(\frac{3}{7}\)
KẾT LUẬN : S <\(\frac{3}{7}\)
Với mọi số tự nhiên a> 1 ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{a}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a+1}}=2\left(\sqrt{a+1}-\sqrt{a}\right)=2\sqrt{a+1}-2\sqrt{a}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}=\frac{2}{2\sqrt{a}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{a-1}}=2\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{a-1}\right)=2\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a-1}\)
Áp dụng vào bài tập trên ta có:
\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{144}}\)
\(>2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{4}-2\sqrt{3}+...+2\sqrt{145}-2\sqrt{144}\)
\(=-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{145}>2\left(\sqrt{145}-1\right)>2\left(\sqrt{144}-1\right)=22\)
=> S>22
\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{144}}\)
\(< 1+2\sqrt{2}-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{3}-2\sqrt{2}+...+2\sqrt{144}-2\sqrt{143}\)
\(=1-2\sqrt{1}+2\sqrt{144}=23\)
=> S<23
Vậy 22<S<23