\(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{2-x}-\sqrt{6-x-x^2}=1\)
Gpt
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ĐKXĐ:\(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt[4]{x}-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt[4]{x}-3\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-1\right|+\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-3\right|=2\)
Ta có: \(\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-1\right|\ge\sqrt[4]{x}-1;\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-3\right|\ge3-\sqrt[4]{x}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-1\right|+\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-3\right|\ge\sqrt[4]{x}-1+3-\sqrt[4]{x}=2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-1\right|=\sqrt[4]{x}-1\\\left|\sqrt[4]{x}-3\right|=3-\sqrt[4]{x}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt[4]{x}-1\ge0\\\sqrt[4]{x}-3\le0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt[4]{x}\ge1\\\sqrt[4]{x}\le3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}x\ge1\\x\le81\end{cases}\left(TMĐKXĐ\right)}}\)
a) Điều kiện $x \ge -5$. Đặt $\sqrt{x+5}=a$ thì $x=a^2-5$. Thay vào ta có $$\begin{array}{l} (a^2-5)^2-7(a^2-5)=6a-30 \\ \Leftrightarrow a^4-17a^2-6a+90=0 \Leftrightarrow (a^2+6a+10)(a-3)^2=0 \end{array}$$
Vậy $a=3 \Leftrightarrow \boxed{ x= 4}$.
1/ ĐKXĐ:...
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1+2\sqrt{x+1}+1}+\sqrt{x+1-2\sqrt{x+1}+1}=\frac{x+5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x+1}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{x+1}\right)^2}=\frac{x+5}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}+1+\left|1-\sqrt{x+1}\right|=\frac{x+5}{2}\)
Nếu \(0\ge x\ge-1\Rightarrow\left|1-\sqrt{x+1}\right|=1-\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2=\frac{x+5}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=-1\left(tm\right)\)
Nếu \(x>0\Rightarrow\left|1-\sqrt{x+1}\right|=\sqrt{x+1}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow2\sqrt{x+1}=\frac{x+5}{2}\Leftrightarrow16x+16=x^2+10x+25\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy...
Câu dưới tương tự
Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq -1$
PT \(\Leftrightarrow x(\sqrt{x+1}-2)+(x+5)(\sqrt{x+6}-3)=x^2-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x.\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+(x+5).\frac{x-3}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}-(x-3)(x+3)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-3)\left[\frac{x}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{x+5}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}-(x+3)\right]=0\)
Ta sẽ cm pt chỉ có nghiệm $x=3$ bằng cách chỉ ra biểu thức trong ngoặc vuông luôn âm.
Nếu $-1\leq x< 0$ thì:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{x+5}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}-(x+3)< \frac{x+5}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}-(x+3)< \frac{x+5}{3}-(x+3)=\frac{-2(x+4)}{3}< 0\)
Nếu $x\geq 0$ thì:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x+1}+2}+\frac{x+5}{\sqrt{x+6}+3}-(x+3)\leq \frac{x}{2}+\frac{x+5}{3}-(x+3)=\frac{-(x+8)}{6}<0\)
Vậy........
\(\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}-\sqrt{x+3}=\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}-\sqrt{x-2}\right)-\left(\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}+\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x^2-3x+2\right)-\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}+\sqrt{x-2}}-\dfrac{\left(x^2+2x-3\right)-\left(x+3\right)}{\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}-\sqrt{x+3}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)^2}{\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)}+\sqrt{x-2}}-\dfrac{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)}{\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}-\sqrt{x+3}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[\dfrac{x-2}{\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x-1}+1\right)}-\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{x+3}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x+3}}{\sqrt{x-1}-1}\right]=0\)
Pt \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x+3}}{\sqrt{x-1}-1}=0\) vô no
(vì \(\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{\sqrt{x-1}+1}< \dfrac{\sqrt{x+3}}{\sqrt{x-1}-1}\forall x\ge2\Rightarrow VT< 0\))
=> x - 2 = 0
<=> x = 2 (nhận)
\(\sqrt{4x+1}-\sqrt{3x-2}=\dfrac{x+3}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(4x+1\right)-\left(3x-2\right)}{\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}}-\dfrac{x+3}{5}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x+3}{\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}}-\dfrac{x+3}{5}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}}-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
TH1:
x + 3 = 0
<=> x = - 3 (loại)
TH2:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}}-\dfrac{1}{5}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x+1}+\sqrt{3x-2}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x+1}-3\right)+\left(\sqrt{3x-2}-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+1-9}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\dfrac{3x-2-4}{\sqrt{3x-2}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\dfrac{3\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{3x-2}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x-2}+2}\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
Pt \(\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{4x+1}+3}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3x-2}+2}>0\forall x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\) => vô no
=> x - 2 = 0
<=> x = 2 (nhận)
~ ~ ~
Vậy x = 2
a/ ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1-\sqrt{2x+2}+\sqrt{2x-1}-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2+2x+1-2x-2}{x+1+\sqrt{2x+2}}+\frac{2x-1-1}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(\frac{x+1}{x+1+\sqrt{2x+2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2x-1}+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
2/ ĐKXĐ:\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x\ge2\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Nhận thấy \(x=0\) là 1 nghiệm
- Với \(x\ge2\):
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x-2}=2\sqrt{x+3}=\sqrt{4x+12}\)
Ta có \(VT\le\sqrt{2\left(x-1+x-2\right)}=\sqrt{4x-6}< \sqrt{4x+12}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT< VP\Rightarrow\) pt vô nghiệm
- Với \(x\le-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x}+\sqrt{2-x}=2\sqrt{-x-3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3-2x+2\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}=-4x-12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-3x+2}=-2x-15\) (\(x\le-\frac{15}{2}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-12x+8=4x^2+60x+225\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\frac{217}{72}\left(l\right)\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=0\)
Bài 3: ĐKXĐ: \(-3\le x\le6\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{3+x}+\sqrt{6-x}=t\) \(\Rightarrow3\le t\le3\sqrt{2}\)
\(t^2=9+2\sqrt{\left(3+x\right)\left(6-x\right)}\Rightarrow-\sqrt{\left(3+x\right)\left(6-x\right)}=\frac{9-t^2}{2}\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(t+\frac{9-t^2}{2}=m\Leftrightarrow-t^2+2t+9=2m\) (2)
a/ Với \(m=3\Rightarrow t^2-2t-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\left(l\right)\\t=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3+x}+\sqrt{6-x}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{\left(3+x\right)\left(6-x\right)}=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\x=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
b/ Xét hàm \(f\left(t\right)=-t^2+2t+9\) trên \(\left[3;3\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(-\frac{b}{2a}=1< 3\Rightarrow\) hàm số nghịch biến trên \(\left[3;3\sqrt{2}\right]\)
\(f\left(3\right)=6\) ; \(f\left(3\sqrt{2}\right)=6\sqrt{2}-9\)
\(\Rightarrow6\sqrt{2}-9\le2m\le6\Rightarrow\frac{6\sqrt{2}-9}{2}\le m\le3\)
Bài 4 làm tương tự bài 3
ĐK: \(-3\le x\le2\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}=a\\\sqrt{2-x}=b\end{matrix}\right.\left(a,b\ge0\right)\)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow a+b-ab=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(1-b\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=1\left(tm\right)\\b=1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}=1\\\sqrt{2-x}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+3=1\\2-x=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Vậy....