CMR:
\(\frac{a^3+b^3}{2}\ge\left(\frac{a+b}{2}\right)^3\) Voi a,b\(\ge\)0
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Câu hỏi của Nguyễn Ngọc Lan Thy - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Vì a, b, c > 0
\(\frac{a^3}{b^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^3}{b^2\left(b+c\right)}.\frac{a\left(b+c\right)}{4}}=2\sqrt{\frac{a^4}{4b^2}}=\frac{a^2}{b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{b^3}{c^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{b\left(c+a\right)}{4}\ge\frac{b^2}{c}\) và \(\frac{c^3}{a^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{c\left(a+b\right)}{4}\ge\frac{c^2}{a}\)
Do đó \(VT\ge\left(\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\right)-\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}-\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{6}\)
Đặt \(t=a+b+c\) thì
\(VT\ge t-\frac{t^2}{6}=-\left(\frac{t^2}{6}-t+\frac{3}{2}\right)+\frac{3}{2}=-\left(\frac{t}{\sqrt{6}}-\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow t=3\)
Vậy \(VT\ge\frac{3}{2}\) Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a = b = c.
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\frac{a^3}{a^2+2ab+b^2}\ge\frac{a^3}{2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
Xét: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a^2+b^2}\ge a-\frac{ab^2}{2ab}=a-\frac{b}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}\ge b-\frac{c}{2};\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge c-\frac{a}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế: \(\frac{a^3}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^3}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^3}{c^2+a^2}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Nhân 1/2 vào 2 vế => đpcm. Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Câu 2)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+1+a+1}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{\left(a+1\right)b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+b+a+1}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
Ta có \(a+b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{3}{ab+2}\ge\frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\ge4\left(ab+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow9\ge4ab+8\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge4ab\)
Do \(a+b=1\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (đpcm )
Câu 3)
Ta có \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge9\)
Mà \(a+b+c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}+\frac{a+b+c}{b}+\frac{a+b+c}{c}\ge9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô-si
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\\\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\sqrt[3]{abc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9.\sqrt[3]{\frac{abc}{abc}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge9\) (điều này luôn luôn đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\) ĐPCM
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
Biến đổi tương đương:
\(4\left(a^3+b^3\right)\ge a^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+b^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-a^2b+b^3-ab^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)-b^2\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) luôn đúng do \(a;b\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)