cho \(x^2+y^2=3\) , chứng minh
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le6\)
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Đề bài sai, sửa đề: \(2\le\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy}\le\sqrt{6}\)
Đặt \(P=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}+\sqrt{xy}>0\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2=x^2+y^2+xy+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy}\ge x^2+y^2+xy+2\sqrt{2xy.xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\ge x^2+y^2+\left(2\sqrt{2}+1\right)xy\ge x^2+y^2+2xy=4\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;0\right);\left(0;2\right)\)
Lại có: \(P^2=x^2+y^2+xy+2\sqrt{\left(x^2+y^2\right)xy}=x^2+y^2+xy+\sqrt{4xy.\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P^2\le x^2+y^2+xy+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(4xy+x^2+y^2\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2=6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\sqrt{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{3-\sqrt{3}}{3};\dfrac{3+\sqrt{3}}{3}\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(x-1;y-1\right)=\left(a;b\right)\Rightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(a+1;b+1\right)\)
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)^3+\left(b+1\right)^3-\left(a+1\right)^2-\left(b+1\right)^2}{ab}=\dfrac{a^3+a+b^3+b+2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a^2+2b^2+2\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}=\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{ab}\ge\dfrac{8ab}{ab}=8\)
Gt\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-\sqrt{x^2+2}+y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}=0\) (*)
\(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right)\left(y-1+\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)\left(y-1-\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)=2\left(y-1-\sqrt{y^2-2y+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+2}\right).-2=2\left(y-1-\sqrt{y^2+2y+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y-1-\sqrt{y^2+2y+3}+x+\sqrt{x^2+2}=0\) (2*)
Cộng vế với vế của (*) và (2*) => \(2x+2y-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+3xy=1\)
Ta có:`(x+sqrt{x^2+2})(sqrt{x^2+2}-x)=2`
`<=>sqrt{x^2+2}-x=y-1+sqrt{y^2-2y+3}`
`<=>sqrt{x^2+2}-sqrt{y^2-2y+3}=x+y-1(1)`
CMTT:`sqrt{y^2-2y+3}-(y-1)=x+sqrt{x^2+2}`
`<=>sqrt{y^2-2y+3}-y+1=x+sqrt{x^2+2}`
`<=>sqrt{y^2-2y+3}-sqrt{x^2+2}=x+y-1(2)`
Cộng từng vế (1)(2) ta có:
`2(x+y-1)=0`
`<=>x+y-1=0`
`<=>x+y=1`
`<=>(x+y)^3=1`
`<=>x^3+y^3+3xy(x+y)=1`
`<=>x^3+y^3+3xy=1`(do `x+y=1`)
Áp dụng bđt Bunyakovsky:
\(\left(x+y\right)^2\le\left(1^2+1^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=2\left(x^2+y^2\right)=6\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}\)