cho a,b,c>0 thỏa mãn abc=1.cmr
\(\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{2a+c}{b}+\frac{4\left(a+b\right)}{a+c}\) >=9
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BĐT\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{abc}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a};y=\frac{1}{b};z=\frac{1}{c}\). Áp dụng BĐT: AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b+c}.\frac{b+c}{4}}=a\)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+c}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{a+b}.\frac{a+b}{4}}=b\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{a+b}{4}}=c\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\)
hay \(\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu bằng = xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a};y=\frac{1}{b};z=\frac{1}{c}\Rightarrow xyz=1;x>0;y>0;z>0\)
Ta cần chứng minh bất đẳng thức sau : \(A=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
Sử dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopxki cho 2 bộ số :
\(\left(\sqrt{y+z};\sqrt{z+x};\sqrt{x+y}\right);\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{y+z}};\frac{y}{\sqrt{z+x}};\frac{z}{\sqrt{x+y}}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z+x+y+z\right)A\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\left(Q.E.D\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(x=y=z=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki, ta có:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\right)^2\)
Mà \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}=\frac{a}{ab+a+abc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{abc+bc+b}=\frac{1}{b+1+bc}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{1+bc+1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ca+c+1\right)^2}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(ab+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
ta có \(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ca+c+1}\)
\(=\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{bc}{bc+b+1}=1\)
đặt \(H=\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\)
áp dụng bất đẳng thức bunhiacopxki ta có
\(H\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\left(\frac{a}{ab+a+1}+\frac{b}{bc+b+1}+\frac{c}{ac+c+1}\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow H\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
hay \(\frac{a}{\left(ab+a+1\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(bc+b+1\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(ac+c+1\right)^2}\ge\frac{1}{a+b+c}\)
\(2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}.\)
\(=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(vì abc=1)
\(=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac\right)\)
\(=2\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
Ta có \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)(bất đẳng thức cô si cho ba số không âm)
Đặt \(a+b+c=x\ge3\)
Dễ thấy : \(2x^2-7x+3=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\ge0\)
Hay \(2\left(a+b+c\right)^2-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\ge7\left(a+b+c\right)-3\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=3\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}a=b=c=1\)
Đặt A = a + b + c .
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 3 số thực dương ta có : \(A\ge3^3\sqrt{abc}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\cdot\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a+b+c\right)^2-7\left(a+b+c\right)+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A^2-7A+3=\left(2A-1\right)\left(A-3\right)\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Đặt \(x=\frac{1}{a}, y=\frac{1}{b}, z=\frac{1}{c}, \Rightarrow x+y+z=2\)
Suy ra \(\frac{1}{a\left(2a-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{b\left(2b-1\right)^2}+\frac{1}{c\left(2c-1\right)^2}=\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\)
Ta có \(\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{2-x}{8}+\frac{2-x}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2} .\frac{2-x}{8}.\frac{2-x}{8}}=\frac{3x}{4}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}\ge x-\frac{1}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{\left(2-x\right)^2}+\frac{y^3}{\left(2-y\right)^2}+\frac{z^3}{\left(2-z\right)^2}\ge x+y+z-\frac{3}{2}=2-\frac{3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)hay \(a=b=c=\frac{3}{2}\)
Có: \(VT=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Áp dụng bđt \(\frac{a^2}{x}+\frac{b^2}{y}+\frac{c^2}{z}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{x+y+z}\)được
\(VT\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Mà\(\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)(Chuyển vế đưa thành tổng bình phương)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge...\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" khi a=b=c=1
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Không khó để chứng minh \(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}\ge x+y+z\)
\(VT=\Sigma\frac{y^2z}{x^2\left(1+2z\right)}=\Sigma\frac{\left(\frac{y^2}{x^2}\right)}{\frac{1+2z}{z}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{y}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+\frac{x}{z}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}+6}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+zx+6}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+6}\)
Đặt \(t=x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\).Cần chứng minh:
\(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^2}{\frac{t^2}{3}+6}\ge1\Leftrightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(t-3\right)\left(t+3\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
IS that true?
Làm xong em mới nhận ra không cần đổi biến:D
Ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{bc}}=3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{abc}}=3a\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b}{c}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge3b;\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\ge3c\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên suy ra \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\ge a+b+c\)
Trở lại bài toán: \(VT=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}\right)}{c+2}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)^2}{a+b+c+6}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c+6}=\frac{t^2}{t+6}\)(với \(t=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\))
Cần chúng minh: \(\frac{t^2}{t+6}\ge1\Leftrightarrow t^2-t-6\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-3\right)\left(t+2\right)\ge0\)(đúng)
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)+abc\)
\(=abc+a^2b+ab^2+a^2c+ac^2+b^2c+bc^2+abc+abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)( phân tích nhân tử các kiểu )
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\left(1\right)\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc};ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)
\(\Rightarrow-abc\ge\frac{-\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
Khi đó:\(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\)
\(=\frac{8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{9}\left(2\right)\)
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 ) có đpcm
Đặt \(M=\frac{b+c}{a}+\frac{2a+c}{b}+\frac{4\left(a+b\right)}{a+c}\)
\(=\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{4a}{a+c}+\frac{4b}{a+c}\)
\(=\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{a}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c+a}{a}+\frac{4a}{a+c}\right)+\left(\frac{a+c}{b}+\frac{4b}{a+c}\right)-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(M\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{b}{a}.\frac{a}{b}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{c+a}{a}.\frac{4a}{a+c}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{b}.\frac{4b}{a+c}}-1=2+4+4-1=9\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c ( tự giải cụ thể nhé ).
Bài này hình như thừa điều kiện abc=1.
Nếu có chỗ nào sai sót xin chỉ giáo.