Cho ba số x, y z thoả mãn 2xy+2x-5z=0. Tìm GTNN của A= x^2+2y^2+2xy+8/5y+z+2
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\(2xy+2x-5z=0\Leftrightarrow z=\frac{2xy+2x}{5}\)
Sau đấy bn thay z vào là ra
Ta có: \(2xy+2x-5z=0\Rightarrow z=\frac{2xy+2x}{5}\)
Thay \(z=\frac{2xy+2x}{5}\)vào A, ta được: \(A=x^2+2y^2+2xy+\frac{8}{5}y+\frac{2xy+2x}{5}+2=x^2+2y^2+\frac{12}{5}xy+\frac{8}{5}y+\frac{2}{5}x+2\)\(=\left(x^2+\frac{12}{5}xy+\frac{36}{25}y^2\right)+\frac{2}{5}\left(x+\frac{6}{5}y\right)+\frac{1}{25}+\left(\frac{14}{25}y^2+\frac{28}{25}y+\frac{14}{25}\right)+\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\left[\left(x+\frac{6}{5}y\right)^2+\frac{2}{5}\left(x+\frac{6}{5}y\right)+\frac{1}{25}\right]+\frac{14}{25}\left(y+1\right)^2+\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\left(x+\frac{6}{5}y+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\frac{14}{25}\left(y+1\right)^2+\frac{7}{5}\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+\frac{6}{5}y+\frac{1}{5}=0\\y+1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=-1\end{cases}}\Rightarrow z=0\)
\(x^2-2xy+2y^2+5z^2+4yz-4z+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2+4yz+4z^2+z^2-4z+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y+2z\right)^2+\left(z-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\y+2z=0\\z-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-4\\y=-4\\z=2\end{cases}}\)
\(5x^2+2xy+2y^2-\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)=\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow5x^2+2xy+2y^2\ge4x^2+4xy+y^2=\left(2x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{2x+y}+\dfrac{1}{2y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z+x}=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{9}{x+x+y}+\dfrac{9}{y+y+z}+\dfrac{9}{z+z+x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{z}+\dfrac{1}{x}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow P\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Ta có :
\(A=\sqrt{\left(x-y\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
\(=\left|x-y\right|+\left|y-z\right|+\left|z-x\right|\)
không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(0\le z\le y\le x\le3\)
Khi đó : A = x - y + y - z + x - z = 2x - 2z
vì \(0\le z\le x\le3\)nên : \(2x\le6;-2z\le0\Rightarrow2x-2z\le6\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le6\)
Vậy GTNN của A là 6 khi x = 3 ; z = 0 và y thỏa mãn \(0\le y\le3\)và các hoán vị
\(2x^2+2xy+5y^2=\left(x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2\ge\left(x+2y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{x+2y}{3x+y+5z}+\dfrac{y+2z}{3y+z+5x}+\dfrac{z+2x}{3x+x+5y}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{\left(x+2y\right)\left(3x+y+5z\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{\left(y+2z\right)\left(3y+z+5x\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{\left(z+2x\right)\left(3x+x+5y\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y\right)^2}{3x^2+2y^2+7xy+5xz+10yz}+\dfrac{\left(y+2z\right)^2}{3y^2+2z^2+7yz+5xy+10xz}+\dfrac{\left(z+2x\right)^2}{3z^2+2x^2+7xz+5yz+10xy}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(x+2y+y+2z+z+2x\right)^2}{5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+22\left(xy+xz+yz\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+12\left(xy+xz+yz\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{5\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{12\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=1\) khi \(x=y=z\)
\(2xy+2x-5z=0\Rightarrow5z=2xy+2x\Rightarrow z=\frac{2}{5}xy+\frac{2}{5}x\)
\(A=x^2+2y^2+2xy+\frac{8}{5}y+z+2\)
\(A=x^2+2y^2+2xy+\frac{8}{5}y+\frac{2}{5}xy+\frac{2}{5}x+2\)
\(A=x^2+2y^2+\frac{12}{5}xy+\frac{2}{5}x+\frac{8}{5}y+2\)
\(A=x^2+\left(\frac{6y}{5}\right)^2+\left(\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+2.\frac{6}{5}xy+\frac{2}{5}x+\frac{12y}{25}+\frac{14}{25}y^2+\frac{28y}{25}+\frac{14}{25}+\frac{7}{5}\)
\(A=\left(x+\frac{6y}{5}+\frac{1}{5}\right)^2+\frac{14}{25}\left(y+1\right)^2+\frac{7}{5}\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=\frac{7}{5}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\\z=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
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