Tìm x,y,z,t sao cho
\(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=1\)
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Câu 2/
\(\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=1\)
Điều kiện \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ne0\\x^2+y^2\ne0\\x^2+y^2+z^2\ne0\end{cases}}\)
Xét \(x^2,y^2,z^2\ge1\)
Ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ge1\\x^2+y^2\ge2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{6}\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}+\frac{1}{x^2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}=1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x^2=y^2=z^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)=?\)
Xét \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ge1\\y^2=z^2=0\end{cases}}\) thì ta có
\(\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{x^4}+\frac{1}{x^4}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4=3\left(l\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 trường hợp còn lại: \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2,y^2\ge1\\z^2=0\end{cases}}\) và \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2,z^2\ge1\\y^2=0\end{cases}}\)
Bài 2/
Ta có: \(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{t}+\frac{t}{x}\ge4\sqrt[4]{\frac{x}{y}.\frac{y}{z}.\frac{z}{t}.\frac{t}{x}}=4>3\)
Vậy phương trình không có nghiệm nguyên dương.
Bài này dùng Cô si ngược dấu:
Áp dụng BĐT Cô si:\(\frac{1}{x^2+1}=1-\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}\ge1-\frac{x^2}{2x}=1-\frac{x}{2}\)
Tương tự với ba BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế ta được:\(VT\ge4-\frac{x+y+z+t}{2}=2\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra tại a = b = c = 1
Vậy min A = 2 khi và chỉ khi a = b = c = 1
tth ngược dấu nhé
\(A=\frac{1}{x^2+1}+\frac{1}{y^2+1}+\frac{1}{z^2+1}+\frac{1}{t^2+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-A+4=\left(1-\frac{1}{x^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{y^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{z^2+1}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{t^2+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-A+4\ge1-\frac{x}{2}+1-\frac{y}{2}+1-\frac{z}{2}+1-\frac{t}{2}=4-\frac{x+y+z+t}{2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(-A+4\ge2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(A\le2\)
\(\frac{x}{1+y^2}=x-\frac{xy^2}{1+y^2}\ge x-\frac{xy^2}{2y}=x-\frac{1}{2}xy\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(A\ge x+y+z-\frac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge x+y+z-\frac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\frac{3}{2}\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(\frac{x-1}{3}=\frac{2y-1}{4}=\frac{z+2}{5}=\frac{y+t+3}{6}\)\(=\frac{x-1+2y-1+z+2-y-t-3}{3+4+5-6}\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z-t-3}{6}=\frac{1-3}{6}=-\frac{1}{3}\)
=> \(x-1=-1;2y-1=-\frac{4}{3};z+2=-\frac{5}{3};y+t+3=-2\)
=> \(x=0;y=-\frac{1}{6};z=-\frac{11}{3};t=-\frac{29}{6}\)
\(A=\frac{x}{1+y^2}+\frac{y}{1+z^2}+\frac{z}{1+x^2}=x\left(1-\frac{y^2}{1+y^2}\right)+y\left(1-\frac{z^2}{1+z^2}\right)+z\left(1-\frac{x^2}{1+x^2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge x\left(1-\frac{y}{2}\right)+y\left(1-\frac{z}{2}\right)+z\left(1-\frac{x}{2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge3-\frac{\frac{9}{3}}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{3}{2}\)khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Ta co:\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=|\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}|\)
\(x+y+z=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z}{xyz}=0\)(Vì \(x,y,z\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}+\frac{1}{xy}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}+\frac{1}{xy}\right)=0\)
Mà \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{xz}+\frac{1}{xy}\right)\)
nên \(\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}}=\left|\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right|\)(Áp dụng HĐT \(\sqrt{x^2}=\left|x\right|\))
x=y=z=t=2
Vi vai tro cua x,y,z,t la binh dang nen gia su
\(x\le y\le z\le t\)
=> \(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}\le\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{x^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\le\frac{4}{x^2}\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{4}{4}\le\frac{4}{x^2}\)\(\Rightarrow x^2\le4\)\(\Rightarrow x^2\in\left\{1;4\right\}\)
\(+)\)\(x^2=1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=0\)(loai )
+) \(x^2=4\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=1\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=\frac{3}{4}\le\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{3}{4}\le\frac{3}{y^2}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(y^2\le4\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(y^2\in\left\{1;4\right\}\)
+) \(y^2=1\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=0\)(loai)
+) \(y^2=4\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=1\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{t^2}=\frac{3}{4}\le\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{3}{4}\le\frac{2}{z^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{6}{8}\le\frac{6}{3z^2}\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(3z^2\le8\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(z^2\le2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(z^2=1\)
den day minh chiu