a)2x.(x-1)=0
b)x.(2x-4)=0
c)(x-3).(2y+1)=7
d)xy+3x-2y=11
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Bài 1
a) 5x²y - 20xy²
= 5xy(x - 4y)
b) 1 - 8x + 16x² - y²
= (1 - 8x + 16x²) - y²
= (1 - 4x)² - y²
= (1 - 4x - y)(1 - 4x + y)
c) 4x - 4 - x²
= -(x² - 4x + 4)
= -(x - 2)²
d) x³ - 2x² + x - xy²
= x(x² - 2x + 1 - y²)
= x[(x² - 2x+ 1) - y²]
= x[(x - 1)² - y²]
= x(x - 1 - y)(x - 1 + y)
= x(x - y - 1)(x + y - 1)
e) 27 - 3x²
= 3(9 - x²)
= 3(3 - x)(3 + x)
f) 2x² + 4x + 2 - 2y²
= 2(x² + 2x + 1 - y²)
= 2[(x² + 2x + 1) - y²]
= 2[(x + 1)² - y²]
= 2(x + 1 - y)(x + 1 + y)
= 2(x - y + 1)(x + y + 1)
Bài 2:
a: \(x^2\left(x-2023\right)+x-2023=0\)
=>\(\left(x-2023\right)\left(x^2+1\right)=0\)
mà \(x^2+1>=1>0\forall x\)
nên x-2023=0
=>x=2023
b:
ĐKXĐ: x<>0
\(-x\left(x-4\right)+\left(2x^3-4x^2-9x\right):x=0\)
=>\(-x\left(x-4\right)+2x^2-4x-9=0\)
=>\(-x^2+4x+2x^2-4x-9=0\)
=>\(x^2-9=0\)
=>(x-3)(x+3)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c: \(x^2+2x-3x-6=0\)
=>\(\left(x^2+2x\right)-\left(3x+6\right)=0\)
=>\(x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)=0\)
=>(x+2)(x-3)=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
d: 3x(x-10)-2x+20=0
=>\(3x\left(x-10\right)-\left(2x-20\right)=0\)
=>\(3x\left(x-10\right)-2\left(x-10\right)=0\)
=>\(\left(x-10\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-10=0\\3x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=10\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 1:
a: \(5x^2y-20xy^2\)
\(=5xy\cdot x-5xy\cdot4y\)
\(=5xy\left(x-4y\right)\)
b: \(1-8x+16x^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(16x^2-8x+1\right)-y^2\)
\(=\left(4x-1\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(4x-1-y\right)\left(4x-1+y\right)\)
c: \(4x-4-x^2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2\)
d: \(x^3-2x^2+x-xy^2\)
\(=x\left(x^2-2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=x\left[\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left[\left(x-1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-1-y\right)\left(x-1+y\right)\)
e: \(27-3x^2\)
\(=3\left(9-x^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(3-x\right)\left(3+x\right)\)
f: \(2x^2+4x+2-2y^2\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left(x+1+y\right)\left(x+1-y\right)\)
a, \(x,y\in Z\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3,2y-6\in Z\\x-3,2y-6\inƯ\left(5\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm5\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có bảng:
x-3 | -1 | -5 | 1 | 5 |
2y-6 | -5 | -1 | 5 | 1 |
x | 2 | -2 | 4 | 8 |
y | \(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(loại\right)\) | \(\dfrac{5}{2}\left(loại\right)\) | \(\dfrac{11}{2}\left(loại\right)\) | \(\dfrac{7}{2}\left(loại\right)\) |
Vậy không có x,y thỏa mãn đề bài
b, tương tự câu a
\(c,xy-5x+2y=7\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2y-10=-3\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-5\right)+2\left(y-5\right)=-3\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y-5\right)=-3\)
Rồi làm tương tự câu a
\(d,xy-3x-4y=5\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4y+12=17\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-4\left(y-3\right)=17\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(y-3\right)=17\)
Rồi làm tương tự câu a
Bài 2:
a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)
b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)
c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)
d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)
a) \(xy+x+2y=5\\ \Rightarrow y\left(x+2\right)+x+2=5+2\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(y+1\right)=7\)
Ta xét bảng:
x+2 | 1 | 7 | -1 | -7 |
x | -1 | 5 | -3 | -9 |
y+1 | 7 | 1 | -7 | -1 |
y | 6 | 0 | -8 | -2 |
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;6\right);\left(5;0\right);\left(-3;-8\right);\left(-9;-2\right)\right\}\)
b) \(xy-3x-y=0\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y-3\right)-y+3=3\\ \Rightarrow\left(y-3\right)\left(x-1\right)=3\)
Ta xét bảng:
x-1 | 1 | 3 | -1 | -3 |
x | 2 | 4 | 0 | -2 |
y-3 | 3 | 1 | -3 | -1 |
y | 6 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(2;6\right);\left(4;4\right);\left(0;0\right);\left(-2;2\right)\right\}\)
c) \(xy+2x+2y=-16\\ \Rightarrow x\left(y+2\right)+2y+4=-12\\ \Rightarrow\left(y+2\right)\left(x+2\right)=-12\)
Ta xét bảng:
x+2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 6 | 12 | -1 | -2 | -3 | -4 | -6 | -12 |
x | -1 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 10 | -3 | -4 | -5 | -6 | -8 | -14 |
y+2 | -12 | -6 | -4 | -3 | -2 | -1 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 |
y | -14 | -8 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 0 | -1 |
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;-14\right);\left(0;-8\right);\left(1;-6\right);\left(2;-5\right);\left(4;-4\right);\left(10;-3\right);\left(-3;10\right);\left(-4;4\right);\left(-5;2\right);\left(-6;1\right);\left(-8;0\right);\left(-14;-1\right)\right\}\)
a: (3x^2-4)(x+3y)
=3x^2*x+3x^2*3y-4x-4*3y
=3x^3+9x^2y-4x-12y
b: (c+3)(x^2+3x)
=c*x^2+c*3x+3x^2+9x
=cx^2+3cx+3x^2+9x
c: (xy-1)(xy+5)
=xy*xy+5xy-xy-5
=x^2y^2+4xy-5
d: (3x+5y)(2x-7y)
=3x*2x-3x*7y+5y*2x-5y*7y
=6x^2-21xy+10xy-35y^2
=6x^2-11xy-35y^2
e: -(x-1)(-x^2+2y)
=(x-1)(x^2-2y)
=x^3-2xy-x^2+2y
f: (-x^2+2y)(x^2+2y)
=(2y)^2-x^4
=4y^2-x^4
Câu a, b, c thì đơn giản òi. Câu d phải chú ý điểm rơi:v
d) Ta có: \(D=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^4+\frac{1}{2}\left(3x^2-3x+\frac{15}{8}\right)\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^4+\frac{3}{2}\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{16}\ge\frac{9}{16}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = 1/2
a)(3x-1)(4x-8)=0
⇔3x-1=0 hoặc 4x-8=0
1.3x-1=0⇔3x=1⇔x=1/3
2.4x-8=0⇔4x=8⇔x=2
phương trình có 2 nghiệm:x=1/3 và x=2
b)(x-2)(1-3x)=0
⇔x-2=0 hoặc 1-3x=0
1.x-2=0⇔x=2
2.1-3x=0⇔-3x=1⇔x=-1/3
phương trình có 2 nghiệm:x=2 và x=-1/3
c)(x-3)(x+4)-(x-3)(2x-1)=0
⇔(x+4)(2x-1)=0
⇔x+4=0 hoặc 2x-1=0
1.x+4=0⇔x=-4
2.2x-1=0⇔2x=1⇔x=1/2
phương trình có hai nghiệm:x=-4 và x=1/2
d)(x+1)(x+2)=2x(x+2)
⇔(x+1)(x+2)-2x(x+2)=0
⇔2x(x+1)=0
⇔2x=0 hoặc x+1=0
1.2x=0⇔x=0
2.x+1=0⇔x=-1
phương trình có 2 nghiệm:x=0 và x=-1
Bài 3:
b: \(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)^2=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;-1\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)=0\)
=>x-1=0
hay x=1
d: \(\Leftrightarrow6x^2-3x-4x+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{2}{3}\right\}\)
a) 2x.(x-1)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}2x=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=1\end{cases}}}\)
b) x.(2x-4)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\2x-4=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=2\end{cases}}\)