B=1+3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2015-(2^2016/2)
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a, - { -(2016 +2015) - [ - (2016 - 2015) - (2016+2015) ] }
= -{-(2016+2015)-[-0-0]}
= -{-4031-0-0}
=-4031
Cách 1:
Xét số bị trừ, ta có:
(2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Xét số trừ, ta có:
(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) =
Ta thấy số bị trừ và số trừ có số hạng giống nhau là:
(2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Nên phép trừ trên có thể viết lại:
2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - 2016/2017 x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= 2016/2017 x [(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)]
= 2016/2017 x 1/2
= 1008/2017
Cách 2:
Cách 1:
Xét số bị trừ, ta có:
(2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Xét số trừ, ta có:
(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) =
Ta thấy số bị trừ và số trừ có số hạng giống nhau là:
(2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Nên phép trừ trên có thể viết lại:
2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - 2016/2017 x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= 2016/2017 x [(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)]
= 2016/2017 x 1/2
= 1008/2017
Cách 2:
Ta có: \(\dfrac{B}{A}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{2}{2015}+\dfrac{3}{2014}+...+\dfrac{2015}{2}+\dfrac{2016}{1}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1+\left(1+\dfrac{2015}{2}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{2014}{3}\right)+...+\left(1+\dfrac{2}{2015}\right)+\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2016}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{2017}{2017}+\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2015}+\dfrac{2017}{2016}}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)
\(=\dfrac{2017\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2015}+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}\right)}{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2015}+\dfrac{1}{2016}+\dfrac{1}{2017}}\)
\(=2017\)
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