Cho abc≠ \(\pm1\) và \(\dfrac{ab+1}{b}=\dfrac{bc+1}{c}=\dfrac{ca+1}{a}\). Chứng minh rằng a=b=c
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Với mọi số thực dương a;b;c ta có BĐT:
\(a^4+b^4\ge ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(VT\le\dfrac{ab}{ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)+ab}+\dfrac{bc}{bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)+bc}+\dfrac{ca}{ca\left(c^2+a^2\right)+ca}\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{b^2+c^2+1}+\dfrac{1}{c^2+a^2+1}\)
Đặt \(\left(a^2;b^2;c^2\right)=\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{x^3+y^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{y^3+z^3+1}+\dfrac{1}{z^3+x^3+1}\)
Ta lại có: \(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2-xy\right)\ge\left(x+y\right)\left(2xy-xy\right)=xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{xyz}{xy\left(x+y\right)+xyz}+\dfrac{xyz}{yz\left(y+z\right)+xyz}+\dfrac{xyz}{zx\left(z+x\right)+xyz}=1\)
Do \(a;b;c\in\left[0;1\right]\Rightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ac+1\ge a+c\)
\(\Rightarrow1+b+ac\ge a+b+c\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+b+ac}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{1}{1+c+ab}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{1+a+bc}\le\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế với vế:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+b+ca}+\dfrac{1}{1+c+ab}+\dfrac{1}{1+a+bc}\le\dfrac{3}{a+b+c}\) (đpcm)
Lời giải:
Đổi \((\sqrt{a}, \sqrt{b}, \sqrt{c})=(x,y,z)\) thì bài toán trở thành
Cho $x,y,z$ thực dương phân biệt tm: $\frac{xy+1}{x}=\frac{yz+1}{y}=\frac{xz+1}{z}$
CMR: $xyz=1$
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Có:
$\frac{xy+1}{x}=\frac{yz+1}{y}=\frac{xz+1}{z}$
$\Leftrightarrow y+\frac{1}{x}=z+\frac{1}{y}=x+\frac{1}{z}$
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} y-z=\frac{x-y}{xy}\\ z-x=\frac{y-z}{yz}\\ x-y=\frac{z-x}{xz}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow (y-z)(z-x)(x-y)=\frac{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
Mà $x,y,z$ đôi một phân biệt nên $(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)\neq 0$
$\Rightarrow 1=\frac{1}{x^2y^2z^2}$
$\Rightarrow x^2y^2z^2=1$
$\Rightarrow xyz=1$ (do $xyz>0$)
Ta có đpcm.
Có \(ab+bc+ac=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
Áp dụng các bđt sau:Với x;y;z>0 có: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}\right)\)\(\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{1}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế => \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{6}{b}+\dfrac{6}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}.6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=3
Có \(a+b=2\Leftrightarrow2\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\)
\(E=\left(3a^2+2b\right)\left(3b^2+2a\right)+5a^2b+5ab^2+2ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a^3+b^3\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a+b\right)^3-18ab\left(a+b\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+48-18ab.2+4ab+5.2.ab+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2-2ab+48\)
Đặt \(f\left(ab\right)=9a^2b^2-2ab+48;ab\le1\), đỉnh \(I\left(\dfrac{1}{9};\dfrac{431}{9}\right)\)
Hàm đồng biến trên khoảng \(\left[\dfrac{1}{9};1\right]\backslash\left\{\dfrac{1}{9}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(ab\right)_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)
\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy...
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+a+1}\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+1}+\dfrac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\dfrac{c+a}{c+a+1}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2+a+b}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{\left(b+c\right)^2+b+c}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{\left(c+a\right)^2+c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\ge\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+2\left(a+b+c\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+\dfrac{1}{b}}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+\dfrac{1}{c}}+\dfrac{c^2}{ca+\dfrac{1}{a}}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}}=\dfrac{3}{1+\dfrac{1}{abc}}=\dfrac{3abc}{1+abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
Với a, b, c > 0 có:
\(P=\dfrac{a}{b+2c}+\dfrac{b}{c+2a}+\dfrac{c}{a+2b}\\ =\dfrac{a^2}{a\left(b+2c\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{b\left(c+2a\right)}+\dfrac{c^2}{c\left(a+2b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{\left(1+\alpha\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(1+\alpha\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
chọn \(\alpha=\dfrac{1}{abc}\Rightarrow dpcm\)
(a,b,c khác 0 nữa)
\(\dfrac{ab+1}{b}=\dfrac{bc+1}{c}=\dfrac{ca+1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+\dfrac{1}{b}=b+\dfrac{1}{c}=c+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=\dfrac{c-b}{bc}\\b-c=\dfrac{a-c}{ca}\\c-a=\dfrac{b-a}{ab}\end{matrix}\right.\)(1)
Xét a=b hoặc b=c hoặc c=a thì=>a=b=c
Xét \(a\ne b\ne c\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)=\dfrac{\left(c-b\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1=\dfrac{1}{a^2b^2c^2}\)(vô nghiệm)
Vậy ...
Thanks man ❤