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Bài : Tìm GTNN của BT
1) A= x^2 + 5y^2 -2xy +4y+3 2) B= (x^2-2x)(x^2-2x+2)
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Bài 1:
\(P=2a^2-2b^2-a^2+2ab-b^2+a^2+2ab+b^2+b^2=2a^2-b^2+4ab\\ Q=\left(2x+3\right)^2+\left(2x-3\right)^2-2\left(2x-3\right)\left(2x+3\right)\\ Q=\left(2x+3-2x+3\right)^2=9^2=81\)
Bài 2:
\(Sửa:A=x^2+2xy+y^2-4x-4y+2=\left(x+y\right)^2-4\left(x+y\right)+4-2\\ A=\left(x+y-2\right)^2-2=\left(3-2\right)^2-2=1-2=-1\)
a)\({-1\over 2}x^2×y^2 - x^2×y^2 +{2\over 3} x^2×y^2 \)
=\(({ -1\over 2}-1+{ 2\over 3})x^2×y^2\)
=\({-5 \over 6}x^2×y^2\)
b)\({1 \over 2}a^3×b^2 +{4 \over 3}3ab^2 × {1 \over 2}a^2\)
=\({1 \over 2}a^3×b^2 +({4 \over 3}× {1 \over 2})3b^2 (a×a^2) \)
=\({1 \over 2}a^3×b^2 +{2 \over 3}3a^3b^2\)
=\(({1 \over 2} +{2 \over 3}3)a^3b^2\)
=\({5 \over 2}a^3b^2\)
c)
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2-2x+5\)
\(=x^2-2x+1+4\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
b) Ta có: \(B=x^2-x+1\)
\(=x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) Ta có: \(C=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x(x+5)=0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) Ta có: \(x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a)đặt A=\(x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+2\)
=\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\)
ta thấy GTNN của A =2 khi x=y=-1/2
a) \(3x^2-3xy-5x+5y\)
\(=\left(3x^2-3xy\right)-\left(5x-5y\right)\)
\(=3x\left(x-y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x-5\right)\)
b) \(2x^3y-2xy^3-4xy^2-2xy\)
\(=2xy\left(x^2-y^2-2y-1\right)\)
\(=2xy\left[x^2-\left(y^2+2y+1\right)\right]\)
\(=2xy\left[x^2-\left(y+1\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2xy\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
c) \(x^2+1+2x-y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\)
\(=\left(x+1+y\right)\left(x+1-y\right)\)
d) \(x^2+4x-2xy-4y+y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(4x-4y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+4\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y+4\right)\)
e) \(x^3-2x^2+x\)
\(=x\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\)
\(=x\left(x-1\right)^2\)
f) \(2x^2+4x+2-2y^2\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2x+1-y^2\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-y^2\right]\)
\(=2\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
a: =3x(x-y)-5(x-y)
=(x-y)(3x-5)
b: \(=2xy\left(x^2-y^2-2y-1\right)\)
\(=2xy\left[x^2-\left(y^2+2y+1\right)\right]\)
\(=2xy\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
d:
Sửa đề: x^2+4x-2xy-4y+y^2
=x^2-2xy+y^2+4x-4y
=(x-y)^2+4(x-y)
=(x-y)(x-y+4)
e: =x(x^2-2x+1)
=x(x-1)^2
f: =2(x^2+2x+1-y^2)
=2[(x+1)^2-y^2]
=2(x+1+y)(x+1-y)
\(1.\)
\(a;A=-2x^2+4x-18\)
\(A=-2\left(x^2-4x+18\right)\)
\(A=-2\left(x^2-2.x.2+4+14\right)\)
\(A=-2\left(x-2\right)^2-14\le-14\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi : \(x-2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy Amax =-14 tại x = 2
Các câu còn lại lm tương tự........
1)
Ta có:
\(A=x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3=(x^2+y^2-2xy)+4y^2+4y+3\)
\(=(x^2-2xy+y^2)+(4y^2+4y+1)+2\)
\(=(x-y)^2+(2y+1)^2+2\)
Thấy rằng: \((x-y)^2\geq 0; (2y+1)^2\geq 0 , \forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow A\geq 0+0+2=2\)
Vậy GTNN của $A$ là $2$. Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} (x-y)^2=0\\ (2y+1)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=-\frac{1}{2}\\ y=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2)
Đặt \(x^2-2x=a\)
Khi đó: \(B=a(a+2)=a^2+2a+1-1=(a+1)^2-1\)
\(=(x^2-2x+1)^2-1\)
\(=(x-1)^4-1\)
Thấy rằng \((x-1)^4\geq 0, \forall x\Rightarrow B\geq 0-1=-1\)
Vậy GTNN của $B$ là $-1$ khi \((x-1)^4=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)