Tính nồng độ mol/l của các ion trong các dung dịch thu được sau đây:
a) Trộn 200ml dung dịch Ca(OH)2 1M với 300ml dung dịch NaOH 1M
b) Hoà tan 36,14 gam tinh thể FeSO4.7H2O trong nước thành 0,5 lít dung dịch
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\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot0.5=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.1..........0.05...............0.05\)
Dung dịch D : 0.05 (mol) K2SO4 , 0.1 (mol) H2SO4
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05\cdot2}{0.1+0.3}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.1\cdot2}{0.1+0.3}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.1}{0.1+0.3}=0.375\left(M\right)\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\)
\(0.2..................0.1\)
\(V_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0.2}{1}=0.2\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HNO_3}=0,2.0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O\)
0,2.............0,1
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\) => Sau phản ứng NaOH dư
Dung dịch D gồm NaNO3 và NaOH dư
\(n_{NaNO_3}=n_{HNO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(pứ\right)}=n_{HNO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Ion trong dung dịch D : Na+ , NO3-, OH-
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1+0,1}{0,2}=1M\)
\(\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
b)Trong dung dịch D chỉ có NaOH dư phản ứng
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+H_2O\)
0,1................0,05
=> \(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05}{1}=0,05\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2------->0,1--------->0,1
Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,45}{1}\Rightarrow\) \(H_2SO_4\)dư
Trong dung dịch D có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45-0,1=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,5}=0,7M\\CM_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
0,35<---------0,35
\(V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,35.74}{1,2}=\dfrac{259}{12}\approx21,58\left(ml\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd.Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{259}{12}.100\%}{10\%}=\dfrac{1295}{6}\approx215,83\left(ml\right)\)
a, \(K_2SO_4\rightarrow2K^++SO_4^{2-}\)
___0,5_______1______0,5_ (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[K^+\right]=\frac{1}{2}=0,5M\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\frac{0,5}{2}=0,25M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{OH^-}=n_{K^+}=n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H^+}=n_{Cl^-}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
______0,2_____0,1_________ (mol)
⇒ OH- dư. ⇒ nOH- (dư) = 0,1 (mol)
Dd X gồm: K+; Cl- và OH-(dư).
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[K^+\right]=\frac{0,2}{0,3}=\frac{2}{3}M\\\left[Cl^-\right]=\frac{0,1}{0,3}=\frac{1}{3}M\\\left[OH^-\right]_{\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,1}{0,3}=\frac{1}{3}M\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba^{2+}}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,0005.0,5=0,00025\left(mol\right)\\n_{OH^-}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=2.0,0005.0,5=0,0005\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{H^+}=n_{HNO_3}+n_{HCl}=1.0,1+1.0,05=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{NO_3^-}=n_{HNO_3}=1.0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cl^-}=n_{HCl}=1.0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
____0,0005____0,15_________ (mol)
⇒ H+ dư. ⇒ nH+ (dư) = 0,1495 (mol)
Dd D gồm: Ba2+; NO3-; Cl- và H+(dư)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\frac{0,00025}{1,0005}\approx2,5.10^{-4}M\\\left[NO_3^-\right]=\frac{0,1}{1,0005}\approx0,09M\\\left[Cl^-\right]=\frac{0,05}{1,0005}\approx0,049M\\\left[H^+\right]_{\left(dư\right)}=\frac{0,1495}{1,0005}\approx0,15M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Mà phần c số lẻ quá, không biết đề là 0,5 ml hay 0,5 lít bạn nhỉ?
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuCl_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[Cu\right]=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left[Ba\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left[Cl\right]=\dfrac{0,3.2+0,1.2}{0,5}=1,6\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{HNO_3}=0.25\cdot2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0.25\cdot1=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HNO_3\rightarrow Ca\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.25...............0.5.................0.25\)
\(\left[Ca^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0.25}{0.25+0.25}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[NO_3^-\right]=\dfrac{0.25\cdot2}{0.25+0.25}=1\left(M\right)\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.0,5=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{SO_4^{2-}}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{K^+}=n_{OH^-}=n_{KOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,3 ___ 0,2 __________ (mol)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ Dung dịch A gồm: H+; SO42- và K+
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[H^+\right]=\frac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\\\left[SO_4^{2-}\right]=\frac{0,15}{0,5}=0,3M\\\left[K^+\right]=\frac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
__0,1 → 0,1 ___________ (mol)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}=n_{OH^-}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{NaOH}=\frac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Hoang Duong
a, \(H_2SO_4+2KOH\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
b, \(H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.5=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.05.......0.05.......0.05\)
Dung dịch D : 0.05 (mol) KOH , 0.05 (mol) KCl
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.05}{0.1+0.1}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(0.05.........0.025\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.025}{1}=0.025\left(l\right)\)