Cho tứ giác ABCD bất kì, có : \(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CD}+\overrightarrow{DA}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
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a) \(\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CD} + \overrightarrow {DA} = \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {CD} + \overrightarrow {DA} } \right) = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {CA} = \overrightarrow {AA} = \overrightarrow 0 \)
b) \(\overrightarrow {AB} - \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {DA} = \overrightarrow {DA} + \overrightarrow {AB} = \overrightarrow {DB} \)
c) \(\overrightarrow {CB} - \overrightarrow {CD} = \overrightarrow {CB} + \overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {CB} = \overrightarrow {DB} \)
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} \)
Mặt khác: \(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \end{array}\)
Lại có:
\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \;\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
Lời giải:
Xét tam giác $ABD$ có $MQ$ là đường trung bình ứng với cạnh $BD$
$\Rightarrow QM\parallel DB, \overline{MQ}=\frac{1}{2}\overline{BD}$
$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{MQ}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}(*)$
Tương tự:
$\overrightarrow{NP}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}(**)$
Từ $(*); (**)\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{NP}=\overrightarrow{MQ}$
Việc cm $\overrightarrow{PQ}=\overrightarrow{NM}$ tương tự.
a) \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {ND} \\= \left( {\overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {BM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {MN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {ND} } \right) \\= \overrightarrow 0 + 2\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow 0 = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \) (đpcm)
b) \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {AM} + \overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {ND} \)
\(\left( {\overrightarrow {BM} + \overrightarrow {AM} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {MN} + \overrightarrow {MN} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {NC} + \overrightarrow {ND} } \right) = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \)
Mặt khác ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} \)
Suy ra \(\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \)
Cách 2:
\(\begin{array}{l}
\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\
\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BC} - \overrightarrow {BD} \\
\Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow {DC} = \overrightarrow {DC} (đpcm)
\end{array}\)
a)
\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CD} + \overrightarrow {DA} = \left( {\overrightarrow {AB} + \overrightarrow {BC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {CD} + \overrightarrow {DA} } \right)\\ = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {CA} = \overrightarrow {AA} = \overrightarrow 0 .\end{array}\)
b)
\(\overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {DC} \) và \(\overrightarrow {BC} - \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {DC} \)
\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AC} - \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BC} - \overrightarrow {BD} \)
a) Chữa đề: \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(Ta\text{ }có:\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\\ =2\overrightarrow{CM}+2\overrightarrow{NC}=2\left(\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(\text{b) }\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=-\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\\ =-\left[\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\right]\\ =-\left(2\overrightarrow{DM}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=4\left(\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)
\(\text{c) }2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}\right)\right]\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\overrightarrow{NI}\right]=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)\)
Mà IN là dường trung bình \(\Delta BCD\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}IN//BD\\IN=\frac{1}{2}BD\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}\right)=2\cdot\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)
a)
MN là đường trung bình của tam giác ABC nên \(\overrightarrow{MN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
QP là đường trung bình của tam giác ABC nên \(\overrightarrow{QP}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}\).
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{QP}\).
b) Giả sử:
\(\overrightarrow{MP}=\overrightarrow{MN}+\overrightarrow{MQ}\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MP}-\overrightarrow{MN}-\overrightarrow{MQ}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{MP}+\overrightarrow{NM}+\overrightarrow{QM}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{QM}+\overrightarrow{MP}\right)+\overrightarrow{NM}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{QP}+\overrightarrow{NM}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{QP}-\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{QP}-\overrightarrow{QP}=\overrightarrow{0}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{0}=\overrightarrow{0}\) ( Điều giả sử đúng).
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{MP}=\overrightarrow{MN}+\overrightarrow{MQ}.\)
Hú Hoe,cháu cop mạng nhé =))
\(AB+BC+CD+DA=0.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(AC+CA=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(AA=0\)( Lđ )
\(AB+BC+CD+DA=0\)
\(AC+CA=0\)
\(AA=0\)