Chứng minh: 1/2^2+1/3^2+1/4^2+...+1/2015^2+1/2017^2<3/4
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S1 = 1-2+3-4+....+2017-2018
= (-1)+(-1)+....+(-1)
= (-1) x 1009
= -1009
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2017^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2016.2017}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2016}-\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\frac{1}{2017}=\frac{2016}{2017}\)
Vậy \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2017^2}< \frac{2016}{2017}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Cách 1:
Xét số bị trừ, ta có:
(2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Xét số trừ, ta có:
(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) =
Ta thấy số bị trừ và số trừ có số hạng giống nhau là:
(2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Nên phép trừ trên có thể viết lại:
2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - 2016/2017 x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= 2016/2017 x [(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)]
= 2016/2017 x 1/2
= 1008/2017
Cách 2:
Cách 1:
Xét số bị trừ, ta có:
(2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Xét số trừ, ta có:
(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016 + 2016/2017) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) + 2016/2017 x (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) =
Ta thấy số bị trừ và số trừ có số hạng giống nhau là:
(2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016) x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016)
Nên phép trừ trên có thể viết lại:
2016/2017 x (1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - 2016/2017 x (2/3 + 3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)
= 2016/2017 x [(1/2 + 2/3 + 3/4 + ... + 2015/2016) - (2/3 +3/4 + 4/5 + ... + 2015/2016)]
= 2016/2017 x 1/2
= 1008/2017
Cách 2:
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\);.....;\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\)<\(\dfrac{1}{2015.2016}\)
⇒ A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\)< \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2015.2016}\)
⇒ A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{2016^2}\) < 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{2016}\)= \(\dfrac{2015}{2016}\) (ĐCPCM)
ta có: \(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3.4};...;\frac{1}{2015^2}< \frac{1}{2014.2015};\frac{1}{2016^2}< \frac{1}{2015.1026};\frac{1}{2017^2}< \frac{1}{2016.2017}\)
=> 1/22 + 1/32 + 1/42 + ... + 1/20152 + 1/20162 + 1/20172 < 1/22 + (1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + ....+1/2014.2015 + 1/2015.2016 + 1/2016.2017)
= 1/4 + 1/2 - 1/2017 = 3/4- 1/2017 < 3/4
=> đ p c m
ta có: \(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3.4};...;\frac{1}{2015^2}< \frac{1}{2014.2015};\frac{1}{2016^2}< \frac{1}{2015.1026};\frac{1}{2017^2}< \frac{1}{2016.2017}\)
=> 1/22 + 1/32 + 1/42 + ... + 1/20152 + 1/20162 + 1/20172 < 1/22 + (1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + ....+1/2014.2015 + 1/2015.2016 + 1/2016.2017)
= 1/4 + 1/2 - 1/2017 = 3/4- 1/2017 < 3/4
=> đ p c m