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Với a,b,c dưog thì \(\dfrac{x^2}{a}+\dfrac{y^2}{b}+\dfrac{z^2}{c}>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+xz+\sqrt{1+x^3}+\sqrt{1+y^3}+\sqrt{1+z^3}}\)
\(\sqrt{1+x^3}=\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x+x^2\right)}< =\dfrac{2+x^2}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
=>\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2+6}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+6}\)
Đặt t=(x+y+z)^2(t>=36)
=>P>=2t/t-6
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{t}{t+6}\left(t>=36\right)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=\dfrac{6}{\left(t+6\right)^2}>=0,\forall t>=36\)
=>f(t) đồng biến
=>f(t)>=f(36)=6/7
=>P>=12/7
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=2
Có \(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\)\(=\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{\left(1+1+2\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)}}\)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}\) (theo bunhia dưới mẫu)\(\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{xy}}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}\right)\)
Tương tự cũng có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{y+z+2x}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}}\right)\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{z+x+2y}}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{9}\)
\(1=2\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}\le x+y+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(3x+2y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+2y+z\ge2\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\dfrac{5xy}{z}+\dfrac{4xz}{y}+\dfrac{3yz}{x}\ge4\)
Ta có:
\(VT=3\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)\)
\(VT\ge3.2\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2yz}{yz}}+2.2\sqrt{\dfrac{xy^2z}{xz}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{xyz^2}{xy}}=2\left(3x+2y+z\right)\ge2.2=4\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(2=3\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{xz}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y\right)+x+z\)
\(\Rightarrow5x+3y+2z\ge4\)
\(A=5\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{xz}{y}\right)+3\left(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)+2\left(\dfrac{xz}{y}+\dfrac{yz}{x}\right)\)
\(A\ge5.2x+3.2y+2.2z=2\left(5x+3y+2z\right)\ge8\)
\(A_{min}=8\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
a. Đề bài em ghi sai thì phải
Vì:
\(x+y=2\left(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt{y-3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3-2\sqrt{x-3}+1\right)+\left(y-3-2\sqrt{y-3}+1\right)+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-3}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y-3}-1\right)^2+4=0\) (vô lý)
b.
Xét hàm \(f\left(x\right)=x^3+ax^2+bx+c\)
Hàm đã cho là hàm đa thức nên liên tục trên mọi khoảng trên R
Hàm bậc 3 nên có tối đa 3 nghiệm
\(f\left(-2\right)=-8+4a-2b+c>0\)
\(f\left(2\right)=8+4a+2b+c< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(-2\right).f\left(2\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) luôn có ít nhất 1 nghiệm thuộc (-2;2)
\(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow+\infty}f\left(x\right)=x^3\left(1+\dfrac{a}{x}+\dfrac{b}{x^2}+\dfrac{c}{x^3}\right)=+\infty.\left(1+0+0+0\right)=+\infty\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Luôn tồn tại 1 số thực dương n đủ lớn sao cho \(f\left(n\right)>0\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(2\right).f\left(n\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) luôn có ít nhất 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(2;n\right)\) hay \(\left(2;+\infty\right)\)
Tương tự \(\lim\limits_{x\rightarrow-\infty}f\left(x\right)=-\infty\Rightarrow f\left(-2\right).f\left(m\right)< 0\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) luôn có ít nhất 1 nghiệm thuộc \(\left(-\infty;-2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)\) có đúng 3 nghiệm pb \(\Rightarrow\) hàm cắt Ox tại 3 điểm pb
Theo giả thiết xy + yz + zx = 1 nên ta có: \(VT=\frac{1}{1+x^2}+\frac{1}{1+y^2}+\frac{1}{1+z^2}=\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+x^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+y^2}+\frac{1}{xy+yz+zx+z^2}=\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(y+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)Theo bất đẳng thức Cauchy-Schwarz: \(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^2\le\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{1+x^2}+\frac{y}{1+y^2}+\frac{z}{1+z^2}\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{x}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}+\frac{z}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}\right)=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{2}{3}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)^3\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)Ta cần chứng minh: \(\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\right)\)
hay \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Bất đẳng thức cuối đúng theo AM - GM do: \(\frac{x}{\sqrt{1+x^2}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{1+y^2}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{1+z^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{x}{x+y}.\frac{x}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{y+z}.\frac{y}{x+y}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{z+x}.\frac{z}{z+y}}\le\frac{\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)+\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y}\right)+\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
