Trộn 100ml dung dịch HCL 1M với 100 ml dung dịch H2So4 0,5m thu được dung dịch D.
a. Tính nồng độ các ion trong dung dịch D.
b. Cho dung dịch D tác dụng vừa đủ với V ml dung dịch Ba(oh)2. Tính V.
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\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)
\(c.\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.02........0.02\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)
\(a.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot0.1=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(V=0.1+0.1=0.2\left(l\right)\)
\(\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^+\right]=\dfrac{0.01+0.01}{0.2}=0.1\left(M\right)\)
\(b.\)
\(pH=14+log\left(0.1\right)=13\)
\(c.\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
\(0.02.......0.02\)
\(V_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0.02}{1}=0.02\left(l\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=0,1\cdot0,1=n_{KOH}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na^+}=n_{K^+}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,2}=0,1\left(M\right)\\\left[Na^+\right]=\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0,01}{0,2}=0,05\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(pH=14+log\left[OH^-\right]=13\)
c) PT ion: \(OH^-+H^+\rightarrow H_2O\)
Theo PT ion: \(n_{H^+}=n_{OH^-}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,01}{1}=0,01\left(l\right)=10\left(ml\right)\)
[K+]=[Cl-]=0,25M
[KOH dư]=0,25M
b) 2KCl + H2SO4 ----------->K2SO4 + 2HCl
0,05(mol)---->0,025(mol)
=>vH2SO4=\(\frac{0,025}{1}\)=0,025(lít)
c)pH=-log(0,25)=0,602
(câu c mình không chắc chắn lắm nha bạn!!!)
Cho mình hỏi s [K+]=[Cl-]=0,25M đc z. Mình chưa hiểu lắm
a)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
$n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol) < n_{HCl} = 1,05(mol)$ nên HCl dư
$n_{HCl\ dư} = 1,05 -0 ,3 = 0,75(mol)$
$n_{KCl} = n_{KOH} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{dd} = 0,3+ 0,7 = 1(lít)$
Suy ra :
$[K^+] = \dfrac{0,3}{1} = 0,3M$
$[Cl^-] = \dfrac{0,75 + 0,3}{1} = 1,05M$
$[H^+] = \dfrac{0,75}{1} = 0,75M$
b)
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl} = 0,375(mol)$
$V_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{0,375}{1,5} = 0,25(lít)$
\(n_{KOH}=0.3\cdot1=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.7\cdot1.5=1.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.3...........0.3..........0.3\)
Dung dịch D gồm : 0.3 (mol) KCl , 0.75 (mol) HCl dư
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.3}{0.3+0.7}=0.3\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.3+0.75}{0.3+0.7}=1.05\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0.75}{0.3+0.7}=0.75\left(M\right)\)
\(Ba\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O\)
\(0.375..................0.75\)
\(V_{dd_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0.375}{1.5}=0.25\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,2.1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
0,2------->0,1--------->0,1
Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,45}{1}\Rightarrow\) \(H_2SO_4\)dư
Trong dung dịch D có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45-0,1=0,35\left(mol\right)\\n_{Na_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CM_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,5}=0,7M\\CM_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\end{matrix}\right.\)
b
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\)
0,35<---------0,35
\(V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,35.74}{1,2}=\dfrac{259}{12}\approx21,58\left(ml\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd.Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{259}{12}.100\%}{10\%}=\dfrac{1295}{6}\approx215,83\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{KOH}=0.1\cdot1=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.1\cdot0.5=0.05\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.05.......0.05.......0.05\)
Dung dịch D : 0.05 (mol) KOH , 0.05 (mol) KCl
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{0.05+0.05}{0.1+0.1}=0.5\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0.05}{0.2}=0.25\left(M\right)\)
\(2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
\(0.05.........0.025\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.025}{1}=0.025\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=Cm.V=1.0,1=1mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=Cm.V=0,5.0,1=0,05mol\)
Thể thích của dd D là 200ml = 0,2l
\([H^+]=\frac{n_{HCl}+2.n_{H_2SO_4}}{V}=\frac{0,1+0,1}{0,2}=1M\)
\([Cl^-]=\frac{n_{HCl}}{V}=\frac{0,1}{0,2}=0,5M\)
\([SO_4^{2-}]=\frac{n_{H_2SO_4}}{V}=\frac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25M\)
Khi cho dd D vào \(Ba\left(OH\right)_2\) chỉ có \(H_2SO_4\) tác dụng, tạo kết tủa
\(H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O\)
\(0,05....\rightarrow0,05mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=n.M=0,05.233=11,65g\)