tim m de pt co nghiem duy nhat :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=\dfrac{my}{x}\\y-2x=\dfrac{mx}{y}\end{matrix}\right.\)
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a. Bạn tự giải
b. \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=4m-5\\4x+2y=6m\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=4m-5\\5x=10m-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2m-1\\y=-m+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=-1\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{2m-1}-\dfrac{1}{-m+2}=-1\) (\(m\ne\left\{\dfrac{1}{2};2\right\}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(-m+2\right)-\left(2m-1\right)=\left(m-2\right)\left(2m-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2m^2-m-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m=-1\\m=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Thay m=1 vào hệ phương trình, ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=2\\2x+3y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+4y=4\\2x+3y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=5\\x+2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=5\\x+10=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-8\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Khi m=1 thì hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là (x,y)=(-8;5)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2y=m+1\\2x+3y=m-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+4y=2m+2\\2x+3y=m-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=m+4\\x+2\cdot\left(m+4\right)=m+1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+2m+8=m+1\\y=m+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-m-7\\y=m+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Để hệ phương trình có nghiệm (x,y) thỏa mãn x>3 và y<5 thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-m-7>3\\m+4< 5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-m>10\\m< 1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m< -10\\m< 1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow m< -10\)
Vậy: Để hệ phương trình có nghiệm (x,y) thỏa mãn x>3 và y<5 thì m<-10
a.
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=4.3-5\\2x+y=3.3\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2y=7\\2x+y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2x+4y=-14\\2x+y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5y=-5\\2x+y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\2x-1=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của hpt là: (5;1)
9) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{7}{2x+y}+\dfrac{4}{2x-y}=74\\\dfrac{3}{2x+y}+\dfrac{2}{2x-y}=32\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{21}{2x+y}+\dfrac{12}{2x-y}=222\\\dfrac{21}{2x+y}+\dfrac{14}{2x-y}=224\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{2x-y}=2\\\dfrac{7}{2x+y}+\dfrac{4}{2x-y}=74\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=\dfrac{1}{10}\\2x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2y=\dfrac{9}{10}\\2x+y=\dfrac{1}{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{9}{20}\\x=\dfrac{11}{40}\end{matrix}\right.\)
10) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-1\\2x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-4y=-2\\2x-y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2y-1\\3y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{11}{3}\\y=\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
11) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-6=0\\2y-x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=6\\y=\dfrac{x+4}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
12) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\x+7y=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\2x+14y=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+y=5\\13y=13\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
13) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=2\\\dfrac{4}{x}-\dfrac{5}{y}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{12}{x}-\dfrac{16}{y}=8\\\dfrac{12}{x}-\dfrac{15}{y}=9\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=2\\\dfrac{1}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(tm\right)\\y=1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
14) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{15}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ne0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{8}{y}=\dfrac{2}{3}\\\dfrac{8}{x}+\dfrac{15}{y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{12}\\\dfrac{7}{y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=28\left(tm\right)\\y=21\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
15) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x-1}-\sqrt{y-1}=1\\\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)(ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1,y\ge1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-1}=3\\\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{y-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\\y-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=2\left(tm\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=m-6\\\left(m+3\right)x-2y=4m-13\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo điều kiện có nghiệm duy nhất của hệ thì:
\(\frac{m+3}{1}\ne\frac{-2}{-1}\Leftrightarrow m\ne-1\)
Khi đó: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+6=m\\3x-2y+13=4m-mx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+6=m\\\frac{3x-2y+13}{4-x}=m\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x-y+6=\frac{3x-2y+13}{4-x}\)
Đây là biểu thức liên hệ 2 nghiệm ko phụ thuộc m
Muốn chắc chắn hơn, bạn có thể biện luận riêng trường hợp \(x=4\)
Bài 1:
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{2x-2}\\v=\dfrac{1}{y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\) (ĐK: \(x,y\ne1\))
Hệ trở thành:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u-v=2\\3u-2v=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3u-3v=6\\3u-2v=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-v=5\\u-v=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=-5\\u=2+-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v=-5\\u=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Trả lại ẩn của hệ pt:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{y-1}=-5\\\dfrac{1}{2x-2}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y-1=-\dfrac{1}{5}\\2x-2=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{4}{5}\\x=\dfrac{5}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
ĐKXĐ: \(xy\ne0\)
- Với \(m=0\Rightarrow x=y=0\) (ktm ĐKXĐ) \(\Rightarrow\) hpt vô nghiệm (ktm)
- Với \(m\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2xy=my\\y^2-2xy=mx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-y^2=m\left(y-x\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y+m\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=x\\y=-x-m\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(y=x\Rightarrow-x=m\Rightarrow x=y=-m\)
- Với \(y=-x-m\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x\left(-x-m\right)=m\left(-x-m\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3x^2+3mx+m^2=0\)
\(\Delta=9m^2-12m^2=-3m^2< 0\Rightarrow\) luôn vô nghiệm với \(m\ne0\)
Vậy với \(m\ne0\) hệ có nghiệm duy nhất \(x=y=-m\) (thỏa mãn)
\(\Rightarrow m\ne0\)