Cho a,b>0 biết rằng 2a2 +2b2 \(\le\) 5ab . Tìm gtln của \(P_{max}=\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2-ab}\)
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\(2a^2+2b^2=5ab\\ \Leftrightarrow2a^2-5ab+2b^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2a^2-4ab-ab+2b^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2a\left(a-2b\right)+b\left(a-2b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2a+b\right)\left(a-2b\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=-\dfrac{b}{2}\\a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(a=-\dfrac{b}{2}\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{-\dfrac{b}{2}+b}{-\dfrac{b}{2}-b}=\dfrac{b}{2}:\dfrac{-3b}{2}=\dfrac{b}{-3b}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Với \(a=2b\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{3b}{b}=3\)
Có \(ab+bc+ac=abc\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=1\)
Áp dụng các bđt sau:Với x;y;z>0 có: \(\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\) và \(\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\right)\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}\right)\)\(\le\dfrac{1}{9}.\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{3}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
CMTT: \(\dfrac{1}{b+3c+2a}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{c+3a+2b}\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế => \(VT\le\dfrac{1}{36}\left(\dfrac{6}{a}+\dfrac{6}{b}+\dfrac{6}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{36}.6\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{6}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=3
Có \(a+b=2\Leftrightarrow2\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Leftrightarrow ab\le1\)
\(E=\left(3a^2+2b\right)\left(3b^2+2a\right)+5a^2b+5ab^2+2ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a^3+b^3\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+6\left(a+b\right)^3-18ab\left(a+b\right)+4ab+5ab\left(a+b\right)+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2+48-18ab.2+4ab+5.2.ab+20ab\)
\(=9a^2b^2-2ab+48\)
Đặt \(f\left(ab\right)=9a^2b^2-2ab+48;ab\le1\), đỉnh \(I\left(\dfrac{1}{9};\dfrac{431}{9}\right)\)
Hàm đồng biến trên khoảng \(\left[\dfrac{1}{9};1\right]\backslash\left\{\dfrac{1}{9}\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(ab\right)_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)
\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=55\Leftrightarrow a=b=1\)
Vậy...
Ta có: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-a\ge0\\1-b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow1-b-a+ab\ge0\Leftrightarrow1+ab\ge a+b\)(1)
Tiếp tục chứng minh ta được: \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\ge c\\ab\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)(2)
Cộng theo vế pt(1) với pt(2) ta được:
\(1+ab+1+ab\ge a+b+c+0\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(ab+1\right)\ge a+b+c\)
Nên: \(\dfrac{c}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2c}{2\left(ab+1\right)}\le\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Chứng minh tương tự suy ra đpcm
Câu hỏi của Phạm Quốc Anh - Toán lớp 7 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2ab-ab}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b^2-bc+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c^2-ac+c^2}}< =\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}\)
=>P<=1/a+1/b+1/c=3
Dấu = xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(ab\left(a+b\right)=a^2+b^2-ab\Rightarrow ab=\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{a+b}\)
\(A=\dfrac{a^3+b^3}{a^3b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)}{a^3b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)ab\left(a+b\right)}{a^3b^3}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2b^2}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{\dfrac{a^2+b^2-ab}{a+b}}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(a^2+b^2-ab>0;\forall a;b\ne0\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\ge0\)
\(\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2ab}{a^2+b^2-ab}=\dfrac{4\left(a^2+b^2-ab\right)-3\left(a^2+b^2-2ab\right)}{a^2+b^2-ab}=4-\dfrac{3\left(a-b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow0\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a^2+b^2-ab}\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le16\)
\(A_{max}=16\) khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(P\le\dfrac{a}{2\sqrt{a^2bc}}+\dfrac{b}{2\sqrt{b^2ca}}+\dfrac{c}{2\sqrt{c^2ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ca}}\right)\)
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{abc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Áp dụng cosi:
`a^2+bc>=2a\sqrt{bc}`
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
`=>P<=1/2(1/sqrt{ab}+1/sqrt{bc}+1/sqrt{ca})`
Áp dụng cosi:
`1/a+1/b+1/c>=1/sqrt(ab)+1/sqrt(bc)+1/sqrt(ca)`
`=>P<=1/2(1/a+1/b+1/c)`
`=>P<=1/2((ab+bc+ca)/(abc))<=(a^2+b^2+c^2)/(2(abc))=1/2`
Dấu "=" `<=>a=b=c=3`
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}=2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=4-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\)
Khi đó P = \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}\left(4-\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{ab}}\right)=-2\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}-1\right)^2+2\le2\)
Dấu "=" khi a = b = 1
\(M=a^2-a\left|a\right|-\dfrac{b}{2}\cdot2\left|b\right|-b^2\\ M=a^2+a^2-b^2-b^2\\ M=2\left(a^2-b^2\right)\\ D\)
\(2a^2+2b^2\le5ab\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2-ab}\le\dfrac{ab}{2ab-ab}=1\)