Bài 4: Hoà tan 27,05 hh M (Kẽm và Bạc) vào x gam dd HCl 3,65% lấy vừa đủ thu được ddX và 5,6lit khí A (ĐKTC) và y gam chất rắn B.
a) phần hóa học X, A, B? Tìm x và y?
b) Tính nồng độ % của dd X sau phản ứng.
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a, \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{56}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2n_{Fe}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.24,79=6,1975\left(l\right)\)
\(a=C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{AgNO_3}=0,4.1,3=0,52\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2AgNO_3+FeCl_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+2AgCl_{\downarrow}\)
______0,5______0,25______0,25________0,5 (mol)
\(AgNO_3+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+Ag_{\downarrow}\)
0,02______0,02________0,02________0,02 (mol)
⇒ m = mAgCl + mAg = 0,5.143,5 + 0,02.108 = 73,91 (g)
- Dd sau pư gồm: Fe(NO3)3: 0,02 (mol) và Fe(NO3)2: 0,25 - 0,02 = 0,23 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,1+0,4}=0,04\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,23}{0,1+0,4}=0,46\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2\\ a.V=\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot22,4=5,6\left(L\right)\\ a=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{56}\cdot2}{0,1}=5\left(M\right)\\ b.n_{AgNO_3}=0,4\cdot1,3=0,52mol\\ FeCl_2+AgNO_3->Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgCl\\ Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2+AgNO_3->Ag+Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\\ m=0,25\cdot143,5+0,25\cdot108=62,875\left(g\right)\\ C_{M\left(AgNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,5}=0,04M\\ C_{M\left(Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,25}{0,5}=0,5M\)
a, \(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\underrightarrow{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
b, \(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{CuSO_4}=n_{SO_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)=m\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=2n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{200}.100\%=14,7\%=x\)
Ta có: m dd sau pư = 9,6 + 200 - 0,15.64 = 200 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.160}{200}.100\%=12\%\)
mH2SO4= \(\dfrac{300.7,35}{100}=22,05g\)
nH2SO4= \(\dfrac{22,05}{98}=0,225 mol\)
mHCl= \(\dfrac{200.7,3}{100}=14,6g\)
nHCl= \(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4mol\)
H2SO4 + 2HCl → 2H2O + Cl2 ↑+ SO2 ↑
n trước pư 0,225 0,4
n pư 0,2 ← 0,4 → 0,4 → 0,2 → 0,2 mol
n sau pư dư 0,025 hết
a) mCl2= 0,2. 71= 14,2g
mSO2= 64. 0,2= 12,8g
mH2O= 18. 0,4=7,2g
mdd sau pư= 300 +200 -14,2 -12,8= 473g
C%dd H2O= \(\dfrac{7,2.100}{473}=1,52\)%
b) Mg + 2H2O → Mg(OH)2 + H2 ↑
x → 2x → x → x
Fe + 2H2O → Fe(OH)2 + H2↑
y → 2y → y → y
Gọi x,y lần lượt là số mol của Mg,Fe.
Ta có hệ phương trình:
24x + 56y = 8,7 x= \(\dfrac{5}{64}\)
⇒
2x + 2y = 0,4 y= \(\dfrac{39}{320}\)
VH2= 22,4. \((\dfrac{5}{64}+\dfrac{39}{320})\)= 4,48l
mhh MG(OH)2, Fe(OH)2= 8,7 +250 - 2.(\(\dfrac{5}{64}+\dfrac{39}{320}\)) = 2258,3g
mMg=24. \(\dfrac{5}{64}\)=1.875g
mFe= 8,7-1,875= 6,825g
`1)`
`n_{Al}={2,7}/{27}=0,1(mol)`
`2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2`
`0,1->0,15->0,05->0,15(mol)`
`V_{dd\ H_2SO_4}={0,15}/1=0,15(l)=150(ml)`
`->V=150`
`V'=V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)`
`C_{M\ X}=C_{M\ Al_2(SO_4)_3}={0,05}/{0,15}=1/3M`
`2)`
`n_{Fe}={2,8}/{56}=0,05(mol)`
`Fe+2HCl->FeCl_2+H_2`
`0,05->0,1->0,05->0,05(mol)`
`V_{dd\ HCl}={0,1}/1=0,1(l)=100(ml)`
`->V=100`
`V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)`
`C_{M\ FeCl_2}={0,05}/{0,1}=0,5M`
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: 65nZn + 81nZnO = 17,85 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{34}{136}=0,25\left(mol\right)\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnO}=0,1.81=8,1\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{ZnCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{1,5}=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(l\right)=\dfrac{1000}{3}\left(ml\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
Bài 1 :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1..................................0.1\)
\(m_{hh}=x=0.1\cdot56+4.4=10\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(0.1.......0.1..........0.1.............0.1\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=7.2-0.1\cdot56=1.6\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{7.2-0.1\cdot56}{160}=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
\(0.01...........0.03..............0.01\)
\(c.\)
\(V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1+0.03}{1}=0.13\left(l\right)\)
\(d.\)
\(C_{M_{FeSO_4}}=\dfrac{0.1}{0.13}=\dfrac{10}{13}\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0.03}{0.13}=\dfrac{3}{13}\left(M\right)\)
a)
PTHH: 2A + 2nHCl --> 2ACln + nH2
2B + 2mHCl --> 2BClm + mH2
Gọi số mol H2 là a (mol)
=> nHCl = 2a (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> 8,9 + 36,5.2a = 23,1 + 2a
=> a = 0,2 (mol)
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2\left(tăng\right)}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2B + 2mHCl --> 2BClm + mH2
\(\dfrac{0,1}{m}\)<------------\(\dfrac{0,1}{m}\)<---0,05
Khối lượng rắn sau pư tăng lên do có thêm BClm sinh ra
=> \(m_{BCl_m}=\dfrac{0,1}{m}\left(M_B+35,5m\right)=27,85-23,1=4,75\left(g\right)\)
=> MB = 12m (g/mol)
Xét m = 2 thỏa mãn => MB = 24 (g/mol) => B là Mg
\(n_{Mg\left(thêm\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{m}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{Mg\left(bđ\right)}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_A=8,9-0,1.24=6,5\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
0,1-------------------->0,1
2A + 2nHCl --> 2ACln + nH2
\(\dfrac{0,2}{n}\)<-------------------0,1
=> \(M_A=\dfrac{6,5}{\dfrac{0,2}{n}}=32,5n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Xét n = 2 thỏa mãn => MA = 65 (g/mol)
=> A là Zn
\(\left(a\right)Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ DungdịchX:ZnCl_2, A:H_2,B:Ag\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5.36,5}{3,65}=500\left(g\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow y=m_{Ag}=27,05-0,2.65=14,05\left(g\right)\\ \left(b\right):m_{ddsaupu}=0,2.65+500-0,2.2=512,6\left(g\right)\\ TheoPT:n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.136}{512,5}.100=5,3\%\)