cho \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{c}{7}\). Tìm gtr biểu thức \(A=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+2b-c}\)
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Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{c}{7}=k\Rightarrow a=2k;b=5k;c=7k\)(1)
Thay (1) vào biểu thức trên ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{2k-5k+7k}{2k+10k-7k}=\dfrac{k\left(2-5+7\right)}{k\left(2+10-7\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Vậy biểu thức \(A=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau có:
a/2=b/5=c/7=\(\dfrac{a-b+c}{2-5+7}=\dfrac{a-2b+c}{2+10-7}\)
suy ra \(\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+2b-c}=\dfrac{2-5+7}{2+10-7}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Vậy biểu thức A=\(\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Tick em nha cô
Cho \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{c}{7}\)
tìm giá trị của biểu thức A=\(\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+2b-c}\)
Em mới học lớp 6 ạ,có gì sai sót mong anh /chị bỏ qua
\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{5}=\dfrac{c}{7}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=2k\)
\(\Rightarrow b=5k\)
\(\Rightarrow c=7k\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+2b-c}=\dfrac{2k-5k+7k}{2k+2.5k-7k}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{4k}{2k+10k-7k}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{4k}{5k}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{2b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{a}=\dfrac{a+2b+c}{2b+c+a}=1\)
\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=1\Rightarrow a=2b\\ \dfrac{2b}{c}=1\Rightarrow c=2b\\ \dfrac{c}{a}=1\Rightarrow a=c\\ \Rightarrow a=2b=c\)
\(M=\dfrac{a^3.c^2.b^{2015}}{b^{2020}}=\dfrac{a^3.a^2}{b^5}=\dfrac{a^5}{b^5}=\dfrac{\left(2b\right)^5}{b^5}=\dfrac{32b^5}{b^5}=32\)
\(4M=\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{4}{\left(c+a\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{a+b}+\dfrac{2}{b+c}+\dfrac{2}{c+a}\)
=> 8M \(\le\dfrac{4}{a+b}+\dfrac{4}{b+c}+\dfrac{4}{c+a}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}=2\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=8\)
=> \(M\le1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 3/4
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(M\le\dfrac{1}{16}\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=1\)
\(M_{max}=1\) khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\ge\dfrac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\) \(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2\ge4ab\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{4}.\dfrac{4}{2a+b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left[\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\right]=\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\)
CMTT \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{2c}\right)\\\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{2a}+\dfrac{1}{2b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{8}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{2a}+\dfrac{2}{2b}+\dfrac{2}{2c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.4=1\)
\(minM=1\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(a+b+c=\sqrt{6063}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2021}}+\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2021}}+\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2021}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Đặt \(\left(\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{2021}};\dfrac{b}{\sqrt{2021}};\dfrac{c}{\sqrt{2021}}\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=\sqrt{3}\)
\(P=\dfrac{2x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}}+\dfrac{2y}{\sqrt{2y^2+1}}+\dfrac{2z}{\sqrt{2z^2+1}}\)
Ta có đánh giá:
\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt{2x^2+1}}\le\dfrac{3\sqrt{15}x+2\sqrt{5}}{25}\)
Thật vậy, BĐT tương đương:
\(\left(\sqrt{3}x-1\right)^2\left(9x^2+10\sqrt{3}x+2\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P\le\dfrac{6\sqrt{15}\left(x+y+z\right)+12\sqrt{5}}{25}=\dfrac{6\sqrt{5}}{5}\)
Hi vọng là tìm GTLN:
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử b, c cùng phía với 1 \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc\ge b+c-1\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM ta có:
\(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\Leftrightarrow2bc+abc\le4-a^2\Leftrightarrow bc\left(a+2\right)\le\left(2-a\right)\left(a+2\right)\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3\).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Schwarz ta có:
\(P\le\dfrac{ab}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}\right)+\dfrac{bc}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{2}{c}\right)+\dfrac{ca}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{2}{a}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}.3\left(a+b+c\right)=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\le1\).
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
Đặt a/2 = b/5 = c/7 = k => a=2k ; b=5k ; c=7k.
Thay vào biểu thức A ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{2k-5k+7k}{2k+2.5k-7k}=\dfrac{4k}{5k}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Vậy A=4/5