Tính C% của dd sau : Hòa tan 40g NaOH vào nước được 200g dd
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a) \(m_{NaOH}=\dfrac{60.20}{100}=12\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{dd.sau.khi.pha}=\dfrac{12}{60+40}.100\%=12\%\)
b) \(C\%_{dd.sau.khi.pha}=\dfrac{12+12}{60+12}.100\%=33,33\%\)
\(n_{Na}=0.02\left(mol\right)\)
\(Na+H_2O\rightarrow NaOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\)
\(0.02....................0.02........0.01\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.01\cdot22.4=0.224\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH}=0.02\cdot40=0.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0.8}{0.46+200-0.01\cdot2}\cdot100\%=0.4\%\)
$m_{CuSO_4} = 0,2.160 = 32(gam)$
$C\%_{CuSO_4} = \dfrac{32}{500}.100\% = 6,4\%$
a) PTHH: \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl_2}=0,2\cdot95=19\left(g\right)\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot36,5}{200}\cdot100\%=7,3\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{MgO}+m_{ddHCl}=208\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{19}{208}\cdot100\%\approx9,13\%\)
c) PTHH: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{200\cdot4\%}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{2}\) \(\Rightarrow\) NaOH p/ứ hết, MgCl2 còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=9,5\left(g\right)\\m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\cdot58=5,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{dd\left(sau.p/ứ\right)}=m_{ddA}+m_{ddNaOH}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=402,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,91\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{9,5}{402,2}\cdot100\%\approx2,36\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo gt ta có: $n_{MgO}=0,2(mol)$
a, $MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O$
b, Ta có: $n_{HCl}=0,4(mol)\Rightarrow x=7,3$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddA}=208(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=9,13\%$
c, Ta có: $n_{NaOH}=0,2(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{Mg(OH)_2}=0,1(mol)$
Bảo toàn khối lượng ta có: $m_{ddB}=208+200-0,1.58=402,2(g)$
$\Rightarrow \%C_{MgCl_2}=2,36\%$
\(a,PTHH:MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\)
b, Theo PTHH : \(n_{HCl}=2n_{MgO}=2.\dfrac{m}{M}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x=7,3\%\)
Theo PTHH : \(n_{MgCl2}=n_{MgO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl2}=19\left(g\right)\)
Mà mdd = \(m_{MgO}+m_{ddHCl}=208\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{m}{m_{dd}}.100\%=9,13\%\)
c, \(PTHH:MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
....................0,1..............0,2...............0,1.............0,2.......
Ta có : \(n_{NaOH}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> mdd = \(m_{MgCl2}+m_{NaOH}-m_{Mg\left(OH\right)2}=213,2g\)
- Thấy sau phản ứng dung dịch B gồm NaCl ( 0,2 mol ), MgCl2 dư ( 0,1mol )
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=11,7g\\m_{MgCl2}=9,5g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=5,5\%\\C\%_{MgCl2}=4,46\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(MgO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=\dfrac{40}{40}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{300\cdot98\%}{98}=3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) Axit còn dư
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgSO_4}=1\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120}{300+40}\cdot100\%\approx35,3\%\\C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{2\cdot98}{300+40}\cdot100\%\approx57,65\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{40}{200}\cdot100\%=20\%\)
\(C_{NaOH}=\dfrac{40.100}{200}=20\)0/0
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