Cho a+b+c=0
a) Chứng minh \(a^3+b^3+c^3=+abc\)
b) Tính giá trị của biểu thức \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{ab}\)biết a,b,c khác 0
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\(N=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3}{\left(ab\right)\left(bc\right)\left(ca\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left(ab;bc;ca\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\Rightarrow N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3}{xyz}\)
\(N=\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]+3xyz}{xyz}=\dfrac{3xyz}{xyz}=3\)
\(\dfrac{ab}{a+b}=\dfrac{bc}{b+c}=\dfrac{ca}{c+a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{ab}=\dfrac{b+c}{bc}=\dfrac{c+a}{ca}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{c}\\\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{b}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{a^2+a^2+a^2}{a^2+a^2+a^2}=1\)
Ta có: \(A=a\left(a^2-bc\right)+b\left(b^2-ac\right)+c\left(c^2-ab\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=0\) \(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)-3abc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-c\left(a+b\right)+c^2\right]-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ne0\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
Xét \(M=a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2M=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0;\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0;\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b,c\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b=0;b-c=0;c-a=0\) \(\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}=1+1+1=3\)
\(M=\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{abc^2\left(a+b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{acb^2\left(a+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{a^2bc\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(M\ge\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{2abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2abc}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{6abc}\ge\dfrac{9abc}{6abc}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Bài 1: Ta có:
\(M=\frac{ad}{abcd+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{bcd.ad+bc.ad+bad+ad}+\frac{c.abd}{cda.abd+cd.abd+cabd+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
\(=\frac{ad}{1+abd+ad+d}+\frac{bad}{d+1+bad+ad}+\frac{1}{ad+d+1+abd}+\frac{d}{dab+da+d+1}\)
$=\frac{ad+abd+1+d}{ad+abd+1+d}=1$
Bài 2:
Vì $a,b,c,d\in [0;1]$ nên
\(N\leq \frac{a}{abcd+1}+\frac{b}{abcd+1}+\frac{c}{abcd+1}+\frac{d}{abcd+1}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{abcd+1}\)
Ta cũng có:
$(a-1)(b-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow a+b\leq ab+1$
Tương tự:
$c+d\leq cd+1$
$(ab-1)(cd-1)\geq 0\Rightarrow ab+cd\leq abcd+1$
Cộng 3 BĐT trên lại và thu gọn thì $a+b+c+d\leq abcd+3$
$\Rightarrow N\leq \frac{abcd+3}{abcd+1}=\frac{3(abcd+1)-2abcd}{abcd+1}$
$=3-\frac{2abcd}{abcd+1}\leq 3$
Vậy $N_{\max}=3$
Ta có:
\(a+b+c-abc=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+c\left(a+b\right)\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)ab+\left(a+b\right)^2c+abc+c^2\left(a+b\right)-abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+c^2+c\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(ab+ac+c^2+bc\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left[a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
Đồng thời:
\(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ac=a\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(c^2+1=\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
Từ đó:
\(P=\dfrac{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}{\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\right]^2}=1\)
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