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Đề là \(AB=4\) hay \(AD=4\) nhỉ? Sao lại có 2 kích thước của AD?
Ta có:
\(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} \)
Mặt khác: \(\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \)
\(\begin{array}{l} \Rightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {MB} + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {CN} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \left( {\overrightarrow {MA} + \overrightarrow {MB} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DN} + \overrightarrow {CN} } \right) + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow 0 + \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \\ \Leftrightarrow 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} \end{array}\)
Lại có:
\(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {BD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = \overrightarrow {AD} + \overrightarrow {DC} + \overrightarrow {BD} = \overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow {BC} + \overrightarrow {AD} = 2\overrightarrow {MN} = \;\overrightarrow {AC} + \overrightarrow {BD} .\)
a) Chữa đề: \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(Ta\text{ }có:\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\\ =\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}+\left(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\)
\(\)\(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DC}\\ =2\overrightarrow{CM}+2\overrightarrow{NC}=2\left(\overrightarrow{NC}+\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{DA}=2\overrightarrow{NM}\)
\(\text{b) }\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BC}=-\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\\ =-\left[\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{CA}+\overrightarrow{CB}\right)\right]\\ =-\left(2\overrightarrow{DM}+2\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{MD}+\overrightarrow{MC}\right)=4\left(\overrightarrow{MN}\right)\)
\(\text{c) }2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)+\left(\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}\right)\right]\\ =2\left[\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{DB}\right)+\overrightarrow{NI}\right]=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)\)
Mà IN là dường trung bình \(\Delta BCD\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}IN//BD\\IN=\frac{1}{2}BD\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IN}=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\ \Rightarrow2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AI}+\overrightarrow{NA}+\overrightarrow{DA}\right)\\ =2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\overrightarrow{NI}\right)=2\left(\overrightarrow{DB}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}\right)=2\cdot\frac{3}{2}\overrightarrow{DB}=3\overrightarrow{DB}\)
