CTR: \(\dfrac{1}{a}\)= \(\dfrac{1}{a+1}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)với a thuộc Z ; a khác 0 ; a khác -1.
Áp dụng :Viết phân số \(\dfrac{1}{5}\) thành tổng của ba phân số Ai Cập khác nhau.
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2b)\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}\)
<=> (ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)=abc
<=> (ab+bc+ca)(a+b+c)-abc=0
<=> (a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = 0
<=> a+b=0 hoặc b+c=0 hoặc c+a=0
<=> a=-b hoặc b=-c hoặc c = -a
sau đó thay vào cái cần c/m
b: \(M=\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=0\)
c: \(B=\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\dfrac{z}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\dfrac{x}{\left(x-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{y\left(x-z\right)-z\left(x-y\right)-x\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{xy-yz-xz+zy-xy+xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=0\)
1: ĐKXĐ: a>=0; a<>1
Đặt \(A=\left(\dfrac{a+2\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+2}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{a-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-1}+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\sqrt{a}+2}-1\right):\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}+1\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}+1}\)
2: Để A là số nguyên thì \(\sqrt{a}-1⋮\sqrt{a}+1\)
=>\(\sqrt{a}+1-2⋮\sqrt{a}+1\)
=>\(-2⋮\sqrt{a}+1\)
=>\(\sqrt{a}+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
=>\(\sqrt{a}\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\)
=>\(\sqrt{a}\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)
=>\(a\in\left\{0;1\right\}\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: a=0
1.
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\dfrac{a}{2a+a+b+c}=\dfrac{a}{25}.\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{2a+a+b+c}\le\dfrac{a}{25}\left(\dfrac{2^2}{2a}+\dfrac{3^2}{a+b+c}\right)=\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{b}{3b+a+c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{a+b+3c}\le\dfrac{2}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT\le\dfrac{6}{25}+\dfrac{9}{25}.\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)
2.
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a;\dfrac{y}{y-1}=b;\dfrac{z}{z-1}=c\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x-1}=a\Rightarrow x=ax-a\Rightarrow a=x\left(a-1\right)\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(y=\dfrac{b}{b-1}\) ; \(z=\dfrac{c}{c-1}\)
Biến đổi giả thiết:
\(xyz=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{abc}{\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca=a+b+c-1\)
BĐT cần chứng minh trở thành:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(a+b+c-1\right)\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{-a}{b+1}=\dfrac{a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{-a.b}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab+a-ab}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{a}{b\left(b+1\right)}\)
b) \(\dfrac{a}{b+1}+\dfrac{-a}{b}=\dfrac{ab}{b\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{-a\left(b+1\right)}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{ab-ab-a}{b\left(b+1\right)}=\dfrac{-a}{b\left(b+1\right)}\)
Lời giải:
a) \(A=\left(\frac{1}{2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3}-1\right)...\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{n}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1-2}{2}.\frac{1-3}{3}.\frac{1-4}{4}...\frac{-(n-2)}{n-1}.\frac{-(n-1)}{n}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)(-2)(-3)...[-(n-2)][-(n-1)]}{2.3.4...(n-1)n}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)^{n-1}(1.2.3....(n-2)(n-1))}{2.3.4...(n-1)n}=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1}{n}\)
b) \(B=\left(\frac{1}{2^2}-1\right)\left(\frac{1}{3^2}-1\right)...\left(\frac{1}{n^2}-1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1-2^2}{2^2}.\frac{1-3^2}{3^2}.....\frac{1-n^2}{n^2}\)
\(=\frac{(-1)(2^2-1)}{2^2}.\frac{(-1)(3^2-1)}{3^2}....\frac{(-1)(n^2-1)}{n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2^2-1)(3^2-1)...(n^2-1)}{2^2.3^2....n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2-1)(2+1)(3-1)(3+1)...(n-1)(n+1)}{2^2.3^2....n^2}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{(2-1)(3-1)...(n-1)}{2.3...n}.\frac{(2+1)(3+1)...(n+1)}{2.3...n}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1.2.3...(n-1)}{2.3...n}.\frac{3.4...(n+1)}{2.3.4...n}\)
\(=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{1}{n}.\frac{n+1}{2}=(-1)^{n-1}.\frac{n+1}{2n}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{a\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{a+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1}{5+1}+\dfrac{1}{5\left(5+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{30}\)