Tính:\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}+...\)
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\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{16}-\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=\frac{63}{64}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{8}+...+\frac{1}{32}-\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{64}\)
\(=\frac{64}{64}-\frac{1}{64}=\frac{63}{64}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{64}+\frac{1}{128}\)
\(=\frac{64}{128}+\frac{32}{128}+\frac{16}{128}+\frac{8}{128}+\frac{4}{128}+\frac{2}{128}\)
\(=\frac{126}{128}=\frac{63}{64}\)
\(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{64}+\frac{1}{128}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{1+1+1+1+1+1+1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{7}{2}\)
Đặt \(T=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}+\frac{1}{64}+\frac{1}{128}\)
\(T=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{8}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{64}-\frac{1}{128}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow T=1-\frac{1}{128}=\frac{127}{128}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}\)
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}\)
\(2A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{32}\right)\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{32}=\frac{31}{32}\)
Theo đề bài ta có :
\(2B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{128}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+...+\frac{1}{128}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{256}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=1-\frac{1}{256}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B=\frac{255}{256}\)
\(B=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+..+\frac{1}{256}\)
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+..+\frac{1}{2^8}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+..+\frac{1}{2^7}\)
\(\Rightarrow2B-B=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^7}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^8}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B=1-\frac{1}{2^8}\)
\(S=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{2^n}=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^n}\)
=>\(\frac{S}{2}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}\)
=> \(\frac{S}{2}-S=\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+..+\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}\right)-\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+..+\frac{1}{2^n}\right)\)
=> \(-\frac{S}{2}=\frac{1}{2^{n+1}}-1\)
=> S= \(2-\frac{1}{2^n}\)