cho a,b,c>0 và 2P=a+b+c . Chứng minh:
\(\left(p-a\right)\left(p-b\right)\left(p-c\right)=
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Ta có:
\((p-a)(p-b) \leq \frac{(p-a+p-b)^2}{4}=\frac{c^2}{4}\) tương tự rồi nhân lại, ta có đpcm.
Ta có bất đẳng thức phụ sau:
\(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\le abc\) \(\left(\text{*}\right)\) với \(a,b,c\) là độ dài ba cạnh của một tam giác \(\left(a,b,c>0\right)\)
Thật vậy, áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho các cặp số dương:
\(\left(a+b-c\right)+\left(c+a-b\right)\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(2a\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(a^2\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự áp dụng bất đẳng trên, ta cũng được:
\(b^2\ge\left(a+b-c\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(c^2\ge\left(c+a-b\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\) \(\left(3\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right);\) \(\left(2\right)\) và \(\left(3\right)\) \(\left(abc\right)^2\ge\left[\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\right]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\left(a+b-c\right)\left(c+a-b\right)\left(b+c-a\right)\le abc\)
Dấu \(''=''\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) \(a=b=c\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) tam giác đó là tam giác đều
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\ge\frac{4a-b-c}{8}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{4b-a-c}{8}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^3}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\ge\frac{4c-a-b}{8}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế được
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
\(3=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(abc\le1\)
\(VT=\frac{a^3\left(a+1\right)+b^3\left(b+1\right)+c^3\left(c+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\frac{a^4+b^4+c^4+a^3+b^3+c^3}{a+b+c+ab+bc+ca+abc+1}\)
\(\ge\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{3}+\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{a+b+c}}{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+5}=\frac{\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^4}{9}}{3}+\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^4}{9}}{3}}{8}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\frac{3^4}{9}}{3}}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=1\)
\(a\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)=b\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2+ac\right)-\left(a+b\right)\left(b^2+bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a^2-b^2+ac-bc\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+c\left(a-b\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b=0\)hoặc \(a-b=0\)hoặc \(a+b+c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)(Không thỏa điều kiện) hoặc a=-b (Không thỏa điều kiện) hoặc a+b+c=0
<=> a+b+c=0 (đpcm)
a,
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ca+a^2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
b,
\(a+b+c=2p\Leftrightarrow p=\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(p-a\right)^2+\left(p-b\right)^2+\left(p-c\right)^2=3p^2-2pa-2pb-2pc+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=3\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\right)^2-2\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\cdot a-2\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\cdot b-2\cdot\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\cdot c+a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(=3p^2-\left(a+b+c\right)^2+a^2+b^2+c^2=3p^2-4p^2+a^2+b^2+c^2=a^2+b^2+c^2-p^2\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi:
\(\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\frac{a+2}{27}+\frac{b+2}{27}+\frac{1}{9}>=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}{27.27.9}.\frac{a^4}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+2\right)}}...\)
\(>=\frac{4}{9}a\)
Tương tự
\(=>VT>=\frac{4}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{9}-2\left(\frac{a+2}{9}+\frac{b+2}{9}+\frac{c+2}{9}\right)=\frac{1}{3}.\)
Dấu "="xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
Ta có: \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\)
\(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc\)(1)
Ta có: \(\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^3\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^3+3\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^3-\left(a-c\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)^2\left(b-c\right)-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-b+b-c\right)^3-\left(a-c\right)^3-3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(a-b+b-c\right)\)
\(=3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
Ta có: \(a-b+b-c+c-a\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge\sqrt[3]{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0\ge3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9abc\ge9abc+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)(2)
Từ (1), (2) ta có: \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc+3\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge9abc+\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c\)