cho a,b>0 thỏa mãn a.b=1
tính Q=\(\dfrac{1}{1+a}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{1+b}\)
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Lời giải:
$P=a^3b^3+1+1+\frac{1}{a^3b^3}$
$=(ab)^3+\frac{1}{(ab)^3}+2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:
$(ab)^3+\frac{1}{4096(ab)^3}\geq 2\sqrt{(ab)^3.\frac{1}{4096(ab)^3}}=\frac{1}{32}(1)$
$ab\leq \frac{(a+b)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$
$\Rightarrow (ab)^3\leq \frac{1}{64}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{4095}{4096(ab)^3}\geq \frac{4095}{64}(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra:
$P\geq \frac{1}{32}+\frac{4095}{64}+2=\frac{4225}{64}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{4225}{64}$
Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+2}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}=1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+a^2+b^2+1}\ge1-\dfrac{a^2b^2-1}{a^2b^2+2ab+1}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{\left(ab-1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}{\left(ab+1\right)^2}=1-\dfrac{ab-1}{ab+1}=\dfrac{2}{ab+1}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{1+ab}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{1+a^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{1+b^2}-\dfrac{1}{1+ab}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ab-a^2}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\dfrac{ab-b^2}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b-a\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}+\dfrac{b\left(a-b\right)}{\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b-a\right)\left(1+b^2\right)+b\left(a-b\right)\left(1+a^2\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(a+ab^2\right)-\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a^2b\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(-\left(b-a\right)+ab\left(b-a\right)\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+ab\right)}\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(ab\ge1\))
Ta có: \(P=\left(a^2+\frac{1}{16a^2}\right)+\left(b^2+\frac{1}{16b^2}\right)+\frac{15}{16}\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\)
sử dụng bđt cô-si có: \(a^2+\frac{1}{16a^2}\ge\frac{1}{2};b^2+\frac{1}{16b^2}\ge\frac{1}{2};\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}=\frac{4}{2ab}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{4}{a^2+b^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\right)\ge4\left(\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{1}{2ab}\right)\ge4\frac{4}{a^2+b^2+2ab}=\frac{16}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge8\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{15}{2}=\frac{17}{2}\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\a+b=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}}\)
Bài 2:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Trước hết ta chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow1\ge\dfrac{2\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}{a+b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\). Ta lại có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b+c}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b+c}}=\dfrac{a}{\sqrt{a\left(b+c\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thiết lập các BĐT tương tự:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{c+a}}\ge\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c};\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{a+b}}\ge\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\ge\dfrac{2a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\ge2\)
Dấu "=" không xảy ra nên ta có ĐPCM
Lưu ý: lần sau đăng từng bài 1 thôi nhé !
1) Áp dụng liên tiếp bđt \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\) với a;b là 2 số dương ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}}{4}\)\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
TT: \(\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{c}}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{c}+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}{16}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{2a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+2b+c}+\dfrac{1}{a+b+2c}\le\dfrac{1}{16}.\left(\dfrac{4}{a}+\dfrac{4}{b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)=1\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(a^2+1=a^2+ab+bc+ca=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\\c^2+1=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(c^2+1\right)=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)
Mặt khác: \(a+b+c-abc=a\left(1-bc\right)+b+c\)
\(=a\left(ab+ca\right)+b+c\) (Vì ab+bc+ca=1)
\(=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) (Vì \(a^2+1=\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)\))
\(T=1\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{c+1}=\frac{1}{c+a+b+c}=\frac{1}{(c+a)+(c+b)}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{c+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{c+1}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab}{c+a}+\frac{ab}{c+b}\right)\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{a+1}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{bc}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{a+c}\right)\)
\(\frac{ac}{b+1}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ac}{b+a}+\frac{ac}{b+c}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT vừa thu được:
\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\frac{bc+ac}{a+b}\right)=\frac{1}{4}(b+a+c)=\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$
\(Q=\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{1}{a}}=\dfrac{1}{1+a}+\dfrac{a}{1+a}=\dfrac{1+a}{1+a}=1\)