Tìm GTNN của C = x2 + y2 - 6x + 5y + 1
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\(P=\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+2\\ P=\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ P_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
A= -x2+2x+3
=>A= -(x2-2x+3)
=>A= -(x2-2.x.1+1+3-1)
=>A=-[(x-1)2+2]
=>A= -(x+1)2-2
Vì -(x+1)2 ≤0=> A≤-2
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi
-(x+1)2=0 => x=-1
Vây A lớn nhất= -2 khi x= -1
B=x2-2x+4y2-4y+8
=> B= (x2-2x+1)+(4y2-4y+1)+6
=> B=(x-1)2+(2y+1)2+6
=> B lớn nhất=6 khi x=1 và y=-1/2
\(a,=5\left(x-y\right)+a\left(x-y\right)=\left(5+a\right)\left(x-y\right)\\ b,=a\left(x+y\right)+b\left(x+y\right)=\left(a+b\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ c,=x\left(x+1\right)+a\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+a\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ d,Sửa:x^2y+xy^2-3x-3y=xy\left(x+y\right)-3\left(x+y\right)=\left(xy-3\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ e,=xy\left(x+1\right)-\left(x+1\right)=\left(xy-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ f,=x^2-4=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ g,=\left(x+3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y+3\right)\left(x+y+3\right)\\ h,=\left(x+5\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y+5\right)\left(x+y+5\right)\\ i,=\left(x-4\right)^2-24y^2=\left(x-2\sqrt{6}y-4\right)\left(x+2\sqrt{6}y+4\right)\)
a.
\(1-4x^2=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x\right)\)
b.
\(8-27x^3=\left(2\right)^3-\left(3x\right)^3=\left(2-3x\right)\left(4+6x+9x^2\right)\)
c.
\(27+27x+9x^2+x^3=x^3+3.x^2.3+3.3^2.x+3^3\)
\(=\left(x+3\right)^3\)
d.
\(2x^3+4x^2+2x=2x\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=2x\left(x+1\right)^2\)
e.
\(x^2-y^2-5x+5y=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\)
f.
\(x^2-6x+9-y^2=\left(x-3\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-3-y\right)\left(x-3+y\right)\)
\(a,-x^2+2x+5=-\left(x^2-2x-5\right)=-\left(x^2-2x+1-6\right)=-\left(x-1\right)^2+6\le6\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1=>Max A=6
\(b,B=-x^2-y^2+4x+4y+2=-x^2+4x-4-y^2+4x-4+10\)
\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)-\left(y^2-4x+4\right)+10\)
\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2-\left(y-2\right)^2+10=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]+10\le10\)
dấu"=" xảy ra<=>x=y=2=>Max B=10
\(c,C=x^2+y^2-2x+6y+12=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
dấu'=' xảy ra<=>x=1,y=-3=>MinC=2
Áp dụng Bunyakovsky, ta có :
\(\left(1+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(x.1+y.1\right)^2=1\)
=> \(\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
=> \(Min_C=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Mấy cái kia tương tự
\(a,5x^2y-10xy^2=5xy\left(x-2y\right)\\ b,x^2+2xy+y^2-5x-5y=\left(x+y\right)^2-5\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(x+y-5\right)\\ c,x^2-6x+8=\left(x^2-2x\right)-\left(4x-8\right)=x\left(x-2\right)-4\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)\\ d,5x^2-10xy+5y^2-20z^2=5\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=5\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(2z\right)^2\right]=5\left(x-y-2z\right)\left(x-y+2z\right)\)
Trả lời:
a, \(x^2-6x+11=x^2-6x+9+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 3 = 0 <=> x = 3
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức bằng 2 khi x = 3
b, \(-x^2+6x-11=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)=-\left(x^2-6x+9+2\right)=-\left[\left(x-3\right)^2+2\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2\le-2\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 3 = 0 <=> x = 3
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức bằng - 2 khi x = 3
c, \(x^2+2x+2=x^2+2x+1+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+1\ge1>0\forall x\inℤ\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x + 1 = 0 <=> x = - 1
C= x^2 - 6x + 9 + y^2 + 2.y.5/2 + 25/4 - 9 - 25/4 + 1
= ( x - 3 )^2 + ( y + 5/2 )^2 - 57/4
Vậy GTNN là -57/4 khi x - 3 = 0 và y + 5/2 = 0
=> x = 3 và y = -5/2