Cho a> hoặc =0
a) CMR:a-\(\sqrt{a}\)+1=(\(\sqrt{a}\)-\(\frac{1}{2}\))2+\(\frac{3}{4}\)
b) Tìm GTNN của biểu thức sau:
a-\(\sqrt{a}\)+1
a+\(\sqrt{a}\)+1
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\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}}{2}-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+1}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-1}{2\sqrt{a}}\right)^2\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{4a}\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1-\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1+\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a-1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-1\right)\left(-2\right)2\sqrt{a}}{4a}=-\frac{\left(a-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}}\)
a/ Điều kiện \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\a\ne\frac{1}{9}\end{cases}}\) \(\Rightarrow0\le a\ne\frac{1}{9}\)
b/ \(M=\left(\frac{2\sqrt{a}}{3\sqrt{a}+1}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1-3\sqrt{a}}-\frac{5\sqrt{a}+3}{9a-1}\right):\left(a-\frac{2\sqrt{a}-6}{3\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{a}\left(1-3\sqrt{a}\right)+\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(1+3\sqrt{a}\right)+5\sqrt{a}+3}{\left(1-3\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+3\sqrt{a}\right)}:\left(\frac{3a\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}+6-a}{3\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{a}-6a+\sqrt{a}+3a-2-6\sqrt{a}+5\sqrt{a}+3}{\left(1-3\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+3\sqrt{a}\right)}.\left(\frac{3\sqrt{a}-1}{3a\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}+6-a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3a-2\sqrt{a}-1}{1+3\sqrt{a}}.\frac{1}{3a\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}+6-a}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{1+3\sqrt{a}}.\frac{1}{3a\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}+6-a}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{3a\sqrt{a}-2\sqrt{a}+6-a}\)
Hình như đề sai rồi bạn :(
a/ Điều kiện xác định : \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\a\ne9\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}0\le a\ne9\)
b/ \(M=\left(\frac{2\sqrt{a}}{3\sqrt{a}+1}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1-3\sqrt{a}}-\frac{5\sqrt{a}+3}{9a-1}\right):\left(1-\frac{2\sqrt{a}-6}{3\sqrt{a}-1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{a}\left(3\sqrt{a}-1\right)+\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(3\sqrt{a}+1\right)-5\sqrt{a}-3}{\left(3\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{a}-1\right)}:\frac{\sqrt{a}+5}{3\sqrt{a}-1}\)
\(=\frac{6a-2\sqrt{a}+6\sqrt{a}+2-3a-\sqrt{a}-5\sqrt{a}-3}{\left(3\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(3\sqrt{a}-1\right)}.\frac{3\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+5}\)
\(=\frac{3a-2\sqrt{a}-1}{3\sqrt{a}+1}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}+5}\)
\(=\frac{\left(3\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\left(3\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+5\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+5}\)
c/ \(a=9-4\sqrt{5}=\left(\sqrt{5}-2\right)^2\) thay vào M được
\(\frac{\sqrt{5}-2-1}{\sqrt{5}-2+5}=\frac{\sqrt{5}-3}{\sqrt{5}+3}=\frac{-7+3\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
d/ \(M=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+5}=\frac{\sqrt{a}+5-6}{\sqrt{a}+5}=1-\frac{6}{\sqrt{a}+5}\)
Với mọi \(0\le a\ne9\) thì ta luôn có \(\sqrt{a}+5\ge5\Leftrightarrow\frac{6}{\sqrt{a}+5}\le\frac{6}{5}\Leftrightarrow-\frac{6}{\sqrt{a}+5}\ge-\frac{6}{5}\Leftrightarrow1-\frac{6}{\sqrt{a}+5}\ge1-\frac{6}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge-\frac{1}{5}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = 0
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhất của M bằng \(-\frac{1}{5}\) khi a = 0
\(\sqrt{a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\sqrt{\left(4+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{b+c}\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{17}}\left(2a+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{b+c}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a+b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b+c}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}}\right)\)
Mặt khác:
\(\sqrt{a+b}+\sqrt{b+c}+\sqrt{c+a}\le\sqrt{3\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)}=\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(4a+4b+4c+\dfrac{9}{\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{a+b+c}{8}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}+\dfrac{9}{2\sqrt{6\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{17}}\left(\dfrac{31}{8}.6+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{81\left(a+b+c\right)}{32.6.\left(a+b+c\right)}}\right)=\dfrac{3\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
1,
\(A=\left(\frac{a\sqrt{a}-1}{a-\sqrt{a}}-\frac{a\sqrt{a}+1}{a+\sqrt{a}}\right):\frac{a+2}{a-2}\left(đk:a\ne0;1;2;a\ge0\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(a\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(a+\sqrt{a}\right)-\left(a\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(a-\sqrt{a}\right)}{a^2-a}.\frac{a-2}{a+2}\)
\(=\frac{a^2\sqrt{a}+a^2-a-\sqrt{a}-\left(a^2\sqrt{a}-a^2+a-\sqrt{a}\right)}{a\left(a-1\right)}.\frac{a-2}{a+2}\)
\(=\frac{2a\left(a-1\right)\left(a-2\right)}{a\left(a-1\right)\left(a+2\right)}=\frac{2\left(a-2\right)}{a+2}\)
Để \(A=1\)\(=>\frac{2a-4}{a+2}=1< =>2a-4-a-2=0< =>a=6\)
2,
a, Điều kiện xác định của phương trình là \(x\ne4;x\ge0\)
b, Ta có : \(B=\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-4}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}-2}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}+2}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{x}}{x-4}+\frac{\sqrt{x}+2}{x-4}-\frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{x-4}\)
\(=\frac{2\sqrt{x}+2+2}{x-4}=\frac{2\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{x}-2}\)
c, Với \(x=3+2\sqrt{3}\)thì \(B=\frac{2}{3-2+2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{2}{1+2\sqrt{3}}\)
Bài 1
a) \(P=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{a+\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1-\sqrt{a}}\) (ĐK : x\(\ge0\) ; x\(\ne\) 1)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-a+1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+3\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
b) \(P=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
Vậy để P là số nguyên thì: \(\sqrt{a}-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
Mà Ư(2)={-1;1;2;-1}
=> \(\sqrt{a}-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
\(\sqrt{a}-1\) | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
a | 4 | 0 | 9 | \(\sqrt{a}=-1\) (ktm) |
vậy a={0;4;9} thì P nguyên
Bài 2
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a+4\sqrt{a-4}}+\sqrt{a-4\sqrt{a-4}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{8}{a}+\frac{16}{a^2}}}\)(ĐK:a\(\ge\)8)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)+4\sqrt{a-4}+4}+\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)-4\sqrt{a-4}+4}}{\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{4}{a}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}-2\right)^2}}{1-\frac{4}{a}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a-4}+2+\sqrt{a-4}-2:\frac{a-4}{a}\)
\(=2\sqrt{a-4}\cdot\frac{a}{a-4}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a-4}}\)
Bài toán số 41 có 2 cách làm, tôi làm cách thứ 2
Đặt \(Q=\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}}\)\(\Rightarrow Q^2=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}+2\left(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\right)\)ta thấy rằng \(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+\frac{xyz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{yx}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\ge\frac{2yx}{2\sqrt{\left(xy+yz\right)\left(yz+yx\right)}}\ge\frac{2xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\ge\frac{2xy}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\ge\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx}\\\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{xz}{xy+yz+zx}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge1\)nên \(Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\Rightarrow t\ge\sqrt{xy+yz+zx}=2\)
Xét hàm số g(t)=\(\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{t}\left(t\ge2\right)\)khi đó ta có
\(g'\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}}-\frac{4}{t^2};g'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t^6-32t^2-256=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\sqrt{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có min[2;\(+\infty\)) \(g\left(t\right)=g\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
Hay minS=\(3\sqrt{2}\)<=> a=c=1; b=2
Đặt a=xc; b=cy (x;y >=1)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow x+y-2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-x-y+1-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow xy=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\ge4\)
Biểu thức P được viết lại như sau
\(P=\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2}{xy+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\frac{xy}{3}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2-2xy}=\frac{x^3y^3-2x^2y^2+3xy-3}{3\left(x^2y^2-2xy\right)}\)
Đặt t=xy với t>=4
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^3-2t^2+3t-3}{t^2-2t}\left(t\ge4\right)\)
Ta có \(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{t^4-4t^3+t^2+6t-6}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}=\frac{t^3\left(t-4\right)+6\left(t-4\right)+18}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}>0\forall t\ge4\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có \(minf\left(t\right)=f\left(4\right)=\frac{41}{8}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{41}{24}\)khi x=y=z=2 hay a=b=2c