a, Tìm GTNN của: A=5x2+4xy+y2+6x+2y+2012
b, Với x>0, Tìm GTNN của M=4x2-3x+\(\frac{1}{4x}\)+2016
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\(A=\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{21}{4}\\ A=\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{21}{4}\ge-\dfrac{21}{4}\\ A_{min}=-\dfrac{21}{4}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=y\\x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(B=\left[\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\right]\left[x\left(x+1\right)\right]=\left(x^2+x-2\right)\left(x^2+x\right)\\ B=\left(x^2+x\right)^2-2\left(x^2+x\right)\\ B=\left(x^2+x\right)^2-2\left(x^2+x\right)+1-1=\left(x^2+x-1\right)^2-1\ge-1\\ B_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-1=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)\left(x+\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)
Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
a) \(4x^2+12x+1=\left(4x^2+12x+9\right)-8=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b) \(4x^2-3x+10=\left(4x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{151}{16}=\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c) \(2x^2+5x+10=\left(2x^2+5x+\dfrac{25}{8}\right)+\dfrac{55}{8}=\left(\sqrt{2}x+\dfrac{5\sqrt{2}}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
d) \(x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{9}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
e) \(2x-2x^2=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
f) \(4x^2+2y^2+4xy+4y+5=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1=\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: Ta có: \(4x^2+12x+1\)
\(=4x^2+12x+9-8\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)^2-8\ge-8\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(4x^2-3x+10\)
\(=4\left(x^2-\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}+\dfrac{9}{64}+\dfrac{151}{64}\right)\)
\(=4\left(x-\dfrac{3}{8}\right)^2+\dfrac{151}{16}\ge\dfrac{151}{16}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
c: Ta có: \(2x^2+5x+10\)
\(=2\left(x^2+\dfrac{5}{2}x+5\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{25}{16}+\dfrac{55}{16}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x+\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{55}{8}\ge\dfrac{55}{8}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{5}{4}\)
1.
Vì x>0 nên \(A=\frac{16x+4+\frac{1}{x}}{2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Côsi cho 2 số dương
\(16x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{16x.\frac{1}{x}}=2.4=8\). Dấu "=" khi \(16x=\frac{1}{x}\Rightarrow x^2=\frac{1}{16}\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(A=\frac{16x+4+\frac{1}{x}}{2}\ge\frac{8+4}{2}=6\)
Vậy GTNN của A là 6 khi \(x=\frac{1}{4}\)
2.
\(B=\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=\frac{a+b}{ab}=\frac{10}{ab}\)
Ta có: \(10=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow\sqrt{ab}\le5\Rightarrow ab\le25\). Dấu "=" khi a = b = 5
\(\Rightarrow B=\frac{10}{ab}\ge\frac{10}{25}=\frac{2}{5}\)
Vậy GTNN của B là \(\frac{2}{5}\)khi a = b = 5
Áp dụng bđt cô si với 2 số dương 4x và 1/4x ta có: 4x+1/4x ≥ 2(1)
Đặt (4√x +3)/ (x+1) =B ; √x =t => x=t^2
ta có : B(t^2 +1) = 4t+3
<=>Bt^2 -4t+B-3=0
Xét delta =b^2 -4ac = 16-4B(B-3)= -4B^2 +12B+16 ≥ 0(*) (Để phương trình có gtnn thì pt phải có nghiệm nên delta ≥ 0)
Từ (*) => B^2 -3B-4 ≤ 0
<=> (B-4)(B+1) ≤ 0
=> -1 ≤ B ≤ 4
=>-B ≥ -4(2)
TỪ (1) và (2) => A ≥ 2+(-4)+2016=2014
Dấu = xảy ra <=> 4x=1/4x và B=4 (tự giải tìm x , ta sẽ được x = 1/4)
Xét \(B=\frac{x+1}{4\sqrt{x}+3}\Leftrightarrow16B=\frac{16x+16}{4\sqrt{x}+3}.\)\(=\frac{\left(4\sqrt{x}+3\right)\left(4\sqrt{x}-3\right)+25}{4\sqrt{x}+3}\)
\(=4\sqrt{x}-3+\frac{25}{4\sqrt{x}+3}=4\sqrt{x}+3+\frac{25}{4\sqrt{x}+3}-6\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy
\(16B\ge2\sqrt{25}-6=4\Leftrightarrow B\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\frac{4\sqrt{x}+3}{x+1}\ge-4\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow A\ge2\sqrt{\frac{4x.1}{4x}}-4+2016=2014\)
Vậy Min A=2014 khi x=1/4