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Bài 3:
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{2}{x^2+y^2}=2\left(\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\) \(\geq 2.\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}=\frac{8}{(x+y)^2}=8\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{1}{2xy}+\left (\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\right)\geq \frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{(1+1)^2}{2xy+x^2+y^2}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2xy}+\frac{4}{(x+y)^2}\)
Theo BĐT AM-GM:
\(xy\leq \frac{(x+y)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}\Rightarrow \frac{1}{2xy}\geq 2\)
Do đó \(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}\geq 2+4=6\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=\frac{1}{2}\)
Bài 1: Thiếu đề.
Bài 2: Sai đề, thử với \(x=\frac{1}{6}\)
Bài 4 a) Sai đề với \(x<0\)
b) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}=\left (x^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)-x+\frac{1}{4}\geq x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}=(x-\frac{1}{2})^2\geq 0\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} x^4=\frac{1}{4}\\ x=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra , nên \(x^4-x+\frac{1}{2}>0\)
Bài 6: Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho $6$ số:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\geq 6\sqrt[6]{a^3b^3c^3d^3}=6\)
Do đó ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=d=1\)
5) a) Đặt b+c-a=x;a+c-b=y;a+b-c=z thì 2a=y+z;2b=x+z;2c=x+y
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2a}{b+c-a}+\dfrac{2b}{a+c-b}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{y+z}{x}+\dfrac{x+z}{y}+\dfrac{x+y}{z}=\left(\dfrac{x}{y}+\dfrac{y}{x}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{x}+\dfrac{x}{z}\right)+\left(\dfrac{z}{y}+\dfrac{y}{z}\right)\ge6\)
Vậy ta suy ra đpcm
b) Ta có: a+b>c;b+c>a;a+c>b
Xét: \(\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{1}{b+c+a}=\dfrac{2}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{2}{a+b+a+b}=\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
.Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{a+c}>\dfrac{1}{b+c};\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}>\dfrac{1}{a+c}\)
Vậy ta có đpcm
6) Ta có:
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+ab+cd\ge2ab+2cd+ab+cd=3\left(ab+cd\right)\)
\(ab+cd=ab+\dfrac{1}{ab}\ge2\)
Suy ra đpcm
5. phân tích ra : \(1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1\)
áp dụng bđ cosy
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
=> đpcm
6. \(x^2-x+1=x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}.x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
hay với mọi x thuộc R đều là nghiệm của bpt
7.áp dụng bđt cosy
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\ge2\sqrt{a^2.b^2.c^2.d^2}=4abcd\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{ac}+\dfrac{1}{bc}\right)\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}\right)\)
mà a+b+c=0
\(\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{0}{abc}\right)=\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}\)
2) ta có: \(VT=\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\) và \(VP=\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
tính hiệu của cả VT và VP
suy ra: \(\left(ay+bx\right)^2=0\Rightarrow ay=bx\)
vì \(x,y\ne0\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\left(đpcm\right)\)
3)(a2+b2+c2)(x2+y2+z2)=(ax+by+cz)2 (1)
biến đổi đẳng thức (1) thành (ay+bx)2 + (bz-cy)2 +(az-cx)2 =0
\(\Rightarrow\) Đpcm
Có \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=2\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=2^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ac}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{c+a+b}{abc}\right)=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2=4\) (do \(a+b+c=abc\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=2\). (đpcm).
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)^2=3^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2}{ab}+\dfrac{2}{bc}+\dfrac{2}{ac}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ac}\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\left(\dfrac{c}{abc}+\dfrac{a}{abc}+\dfrac{b}{abc}\right)=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+2\dfrac{a+b+c}{abc}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+\dfrac{2.3abc}{abc}=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}+6=9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{1}{b^2}+\dfrac{1}{c^2}=3\)
Không biết đề có sai không nhỉ?
\(1.\) Giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\Rightarrow a+b\ge a+c\ge b+c\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{c}{a+b}\le\dfrac{c}{b+c};\dfrac{b}{a+c}\le\dfrac{b}{b+c};\dfrac{a}{b+c}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}\le\dfrac{b+c}{b+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}=1+\dfrac{a}{b+c}< 1+1=2\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(2.\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{yz+xz+xy}{xyz}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=xyz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2y+x^2z+xy^2+y^2z+xyz+xyz+yz^2+xz^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy\left(x+y+z\right)+yz\left(x+y+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)y\left(x+z\right)+xz\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+z\right)\left(xy+y^2+yz+xz\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\y=-z\\x=-z\end{matrix}\right.\)
+) Với : \(x=-y\) , ta có :
Đpcm \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{y^{2011}}+\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{-y^{2011}+y^{2011}+z^{2011}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}=\dfrac{1}{z^{2011}}\left(luôn-đúng\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 TH còn lại .
\(\RightarrowĐCPM\)
ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}=1\)
<=>\(\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=a+b+c\)
<=>\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{ac}{a+b}+\dfrac{cb}{a+b}=a+c+b\)
<=>\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab+ac}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab+bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{ac+cb}{a+b}=a+c+b\)
<=>\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+\dfrac{c\left(a+b\right)}{a+b}=a+c+b\)
<=>\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+a+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+b+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}+c=a+c+b\)
<=>\(\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}+\dfrac{b^2}{a+c}+\dfrac{c^2}{a+b}=a+c+b-a-c-b=0\) (đpcm)
chúc bạn học tốt ^ ^
Lời giải:
a)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM:
\(x^3+x^2+x+1\geq 4\sqrt[4]{x^3.x^2.x.1}=4\sqrt[4]{x^6}\)
\(\Rightarrow (x^3+x^2+x+1)^2\geq 16\sqrt{x^6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^3+x^2+x+1)^2\geq 16x^3\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=1\)
b)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{b+c}{a}.1\leq \left(\frac{\frac{b+c}{a}+1}{2}\right)^2=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{b+c+a}{a}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{b+c}\geq 4\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c}\right)^2\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}\geq \frac{2a}{a+b+c}\)
Thực hiện tương tự với cac phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế thu được:
\(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}\geq \frac{2a+2b+2c}{a+b+c}=2\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi
\(\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}=1\Rightarrow a+b+c=2a=2b=2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\Rightarrow \frac{b+c}{a}=2\neq 1\) (vô lý)
Do đó dấu bằng không xảy ra
Vì vậy: \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{b}{a+c}}+\sqrt{\frac{c}{a+b}}>2\)
Áp dụng BĐT \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2=1^2=1\)
⇔\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)