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a) \(\frac{x\sqrt[3]{y}+\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2}}{\sqrt[3]{x^2y^2}+y\sqrt[3]{x}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{x^2y}\left(\sqrt[3]{x}+\sqrt[3]{y}\right)}{\sqrt[3]{xy^2}\left(\sqrt[3]{x}+\sqrt[3]{y}\right)}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{x^2y}{xy^2}}=\sqrt[3]{\frac{x}{y}}\)
b) \(\frac{\sqrt[3]{54}-2\sqrt[3]{16}}{\sqrt[3]{54}+2\sqrt[3]{16}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt[3]{27.2}-2\sqrt[3]{8.2}}{\sqrt[3]{27.2}+2\sqrt[3]{8.2}}\)
\(=\frac{3\sqrt[3]{2}-4\sqrt[3]{2}}{3\sqrt[3]{2}+4\sqrt[3]{2}}=\frac{-\sqrt[3]{2}}{7\sqrt[3]{2}}=-\frac{1}{7}\)
Giải phương trình: \(\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{16}{x^2}=\frac{10}{3}\left(\frac{x}{3}-\frac{4}{x}\right)\)
Điều kiện:\(x\ne0\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{3}-\frac{4}{x}=t\).Ta có:\(t^2=\left(\frac{x}{3}-\frac{4}{x}\right)^2=\frac{x^2}{9}-2.\frac{x}{3}.\frac{4}{x}+\frac{16}{x^2}=\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{16}{x^2}-\frac{8}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{16}{x^2}=t^2+\frac{8}{3}\).Thay vào pt ta có:\(t^2+\frac{8}{3}=\frac{10}{3}.t\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2-10t+8=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow3t^2-4t-6t+8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow t\left(3t-4\right)-2\left(3t-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-2\right)\left(3t-4\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}t=2\\t=\frac{4}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Với \(t=2\) thì \(\frac{x^2-12}{3x}=2\Leftrightarrow x^2-12-6x=0\)\(\Rightarrow x^2-6x+9-21=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=21\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-3=\sqrt{21}\\x-3=-\sqrt{21}\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\sqrt{21}+3\\x=3-\sqrt{21}\end{cases}}\)
Với \(t=\frac{4}{3}\) thì \(\frac{x^2-12}{3x}=\frac{4}{3}\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x-12=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(x-6\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\\x=6\end{cases}}\)
Tập nghiệm của pt S=\(\left\{\sqrt{21}+3;3-\sqrt{21};-2;6\right\}\)
\(\frac{x^2}{9}+\frac{16}{x^2}=\frac{10}{3}\left(\frac{x}{3}-\frac{4}{x}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{9}-\frac{10x}{9}+\frac{40}{3x}+\frac{16}{x^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4-10x^3+120x+144}{9x^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-10x^3+120x+144=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-6x^3-12x^2-4x^3+24x^2+48x-12x^2+72x+144=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^2-6x-12\right)-4x\left(x^2-6x-12\right)-12\left(x^2-6x-12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-4x-12\right)\left(x^2-6x-12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+2x-6x-12\right)\left(x^2-6x-12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[x\left(x+2\right)-6\left(x+2\right)\right]\left(x^2-6x-12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-6\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2-6x-12\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x-6=0\\x+2=0\\x^2-6x-12=0\left(1\right)\end{array}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\begin{array}{nghiempt}x=6\\x=-2\end{array}\right.\)(tm)
\(\Delta_{\left(1\right)}=\left(-6\right)^2-\left(-4\left(1.12\right)\right)=84\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(x_{1,2}=\frac{6\pm\sqrt{84}}{2}\) (tm)
Vậy pt có nghiệm là \(x=-2;x=6\)và \(x=\frac{6\pm\sqrt{84}}{2}\)
\(x\ne2\)
Áp dụng HĐT \(a^3-b^3=\left(a-b\right)^3+3ab\left(a-b\right)\)
\(\left(\frac{x-3}{x-2}\right)^3-\left(x-3\right)^3=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)}{x-2}\right)^3+\frac{3\left(x-3\right)^2}{\left(x-2\right)}\left(\frac{x-3}{x-2}-x+3\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(3-x\right)}{\left(x-2\right)}\right)^3+\frac{3\left(x-3\right)^2}{x-2}\left(\frac{\left(x-3\right)\left(3-x\right)}{x-2}\right)=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(-\frac{\left(x-3\right)^2}{x-2}\right)^3-3.\left(\frac{\left(x-3\right)^2}{x-2}\right)^2=16\)
Đặt \(\frac{\left(x-3\right)^2}{x-2}=a\)
\(-a^3-3a^2=16\Leftrightarrow a^3+3a^2+16=0\Rightarrow a=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-3\right)^2}{x-2}=-4\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(\left(x^4-13x^3+66x^2-145x+115\right)\left(x-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Đặt \(x-2=a\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-1\right)^3}{a^3}-\left(a-1\right)^3-16=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^6-3a^5+3a^4+14a^3+3a^2-3a+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^6+2a^5+a^4\right)+\left(-5a^5-10a^4-5a^3\right)+\left(12a^4+24a^3+12a^2\right)+\left(-5a^3-10a^2-5a\right)+\left(a^2+2a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+1\right)^2\left(a^4-5a^3+12a^2-5a+1\right)=0\)