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nMgCL2=0.2(mol)
nKOH=0.3(mol)
MgCL2+2KOH->Mg(OH)2+2KCl
0.2 0.3
->MgCl dư
nMg(OH)2=0.15(mol)CM=0.6(M)
nKCl=0.3(mol)CM=1.2(M)
nMgCl dư=0.2-0.3:2=0.05(mol)CM=0.2(M)
3KOH +FeCl3 --> Fe(OH)3 +3KCl(1)
2Fe(OH)3 -->Fe2O3 +3H2O(2)
Fe2O3 +3CO -->2Fe +3CO2(3)
nFeCl3=0,1.1=0,1(mol)
theo (2) : nFe2O3=1/2nFe(OH)3=0,05(mol)
theo (3) : nFe=2nFe2O3=0,1(mol)
=> mFe=0,1.56=5,6(g)
\(a,PTHH:CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2KCl\\ n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{135}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{KOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{KOH}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2M\\ b,PTHH:Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow^{t^o}CuO+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
a) CuSO4 + 2NaOH → Na2SO4 + Cu(OH)2↓
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ NaOH dư
b) Theo PT: \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=m_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times98=9,8\left(g\right)\)
c) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=40+60=100\left(ml\right)=0,1\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}pư=2n_{CuSO_4}=2\times0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{NaOH}dư=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}dư=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{Na_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,1}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 2:
ZnCl2 + 2NaOH → 2NaCl + Zn(OH)2↓ (1)
\(n_{ZnCl_2}=0,3\times1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=0,1\times1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Theo bài: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{9}{2}n_{NaOH}\)
Vì \(\dfrac{9}{2}>\dfrac{1}{2}\) ⇒ ZnCl2 dư
a) \(\Sigma V_{dd}saupư=300+100=400\left(ml\right)=0,4\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{ZnCl_2}pư=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}dư=0,45-0,05=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}dư=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4}=1\left(M\right)\)
Theo PT1: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\)
b) Zn(OH)2 \(\underrightarrow{to}\) ZnO + H2O (2)
Theo pT1: \(n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}\times0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo pT2: \(n_{ZnO}=n_{Zn\left(OH\right)_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnO}=0,05\times81=4,05\left(g\right)\)
c) NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O (3)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=n_{NaOH}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,1\times36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{25\%}=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{FeCl_3}=0,1mol\)
\(n_{KOH}=0,4mol\)
FeCl3+3KOH\(\rightarrow\)Fe(OH)3\(\downarrow\)+3KCl
-Tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}< \dfrac{0,4}{3}\rightarrow\)KOH dư
\(n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=n_{FeCl_3}=0,1mol\)
\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1.107=10,7gam\)
2Fe(OH)3\(\overset{t^0}{\rightarrow}Fe_2O_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05mol\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0,05.160=8gam\)
\(n_{KCl}=n_{KOH\left(pu\right)}=3n_{FeCl_3}=0,3mol\)
\(n_{KOH\left(dư\right)}=0,4-0,3=0,1mol\)
\(V_{dd}=0,1+0,4=0,5l\)
\(C_{M_{KOH}}=\dfrac{n}{v}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)
\(C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{n}{v}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,5}=0,6M\)