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đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+1}=a\\\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=b\end{cases}\left(a,b\ge0\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2-x+1=b^2\\\sqrt{x^3+1}=\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=ab\end{cases}}\)
PT tương đương với :
\(x^2-x+1+2\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}-1=2\sqrt{x+1}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+2ab-1=2a\Leftrightarrow b^2+2ab+a^2=a^2+2a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2=\left(a+1\right)^2\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a+b=a+1\\a+b=-\left(a+1\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}b=1\\loai\left(VT\ge0;VP< 0\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=1\Leftrightarrow x^2-x=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=1\end{cases}\left(tm\right)}\)
Vậy ...
a) ĐK: \(x>2009;y>2010;z>2011\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\sqrt{x-2009}-1}{x-2009}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{y-2010}-1}{y-2010}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{\sqrt{z-2011}-1}{z-2011}-\frac{1}{4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(\sqrt{x-2009}-2\right)^2}{4\left(x-2009\right)}+\frac{-\left(\sqrt{y-2010}-2\right)^2}{4\left(y-2010\right)}+\frac{-\left(\sqrt{z-2011}-2\right)^2}{4\left(z-2011\right)}=0\left(1\right)\)
Dễ thấy với đkxđ thì \(VT\left(1\right)\le0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-2009}=2\\\sqrt{y-2010}=2\\\sqrt{z-2011}=2\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2013\\y=2014\\z=2015\end{cases}\left(tm\right)}}\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-9}+\sqrt{x^2-6x+9}=0\)(*)
\(ĐK:\orbr{\begin{cases}x\ge3\\x\le-3\end{cases}}\)
(*)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-3}\left(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=3\left(tm\right)\\\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x-3}=0\end{cases}}\)
Xét phương trình\(\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{x-3}=0\)(**) có \(\sqrt{x+3}\ge0;\sqrt{x-3}\ge0\)nên (**) xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+3}=0\\\sqrt{x-3}=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\x=3\end{cases}}\left(L\right)\)
Vậy phương trình có một nghiệm duy nhất là 3
a) \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{\frac{x}{9}}-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{4x}=5\)
ĐK : x ≥ 0
<=>\(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x\times\frac{1}{9}}-\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{2^2x}=5\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x\times\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2}-\left(\frac{1}{3}\times\left|2\right|\right)\sqrt{x}=5\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}+\left|\frac{1}{3}\right|\sqrt{x}-\left(\frac{1}{3}\times2\right)\sqrt{x}=5\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}+\frac{1}{3}\sqrt{x}-\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x}=5\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{2}{3}\right)=5\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}\times\frac{2}{3}=5\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x}=\frac{15}{2}\)
<=> \(x=\frac{225}{4}\)( tm )
\(Pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2}=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right).\)
(Đk có nghiệm: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\))
\(Pt\Leftrightarrow\left|x-\frac{1}{2}\right|=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\Rightarrow x-\frac{1}{2}=\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(x^2+1-\frac{1}{2}\right)=0\Leftrightarrow2x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{1}{2}\left(t.m\right)\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-1}-x^2+1=0\left(đk:x\ne0\right)\)
\(< =>\sqrt{x^2-1}-\left(x^2-1\right)=0\)
Đặt \(x^2-1=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)khi đó :
\(\sqrt{a}-a=0< =>\sqrt{a}\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)=0\)
\(< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=0\\\sqrt{a}=1\end{cases}\left(tmđk\right)}\)
Với \(\sqrt{a}=0< =>\sqrt{x^2-1}=0< =>\orbr{\begin{cases}x=1\\x=-1\end{cases}}\left(tmđk\right)\)
Với \(\sqrt{a}=1< =>\sqrt{x^2-1}=1< =>x^2-1=1< =>x=\sqrt{2}\left(tmđk\right)\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{-1;\sqrt{2};1\right\}\)
\(\sqrt{x^2-1}-x^2+1=0\)
<=> \(\sqrt{x^2-1}=x^2-1\)
ĐK : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x< -1\\x>1\end{cases}}\)
Đặt t = x2 - 1
pt <=> \(\sqrt{t}=t\)( t ≥ 0 )
Bình phương hai vế
<=> t = t2
<=> t2 - t = 0
<=> t( t - 1 ) = 0
<=> \(\orbr{\begin{cases}t=0\\t=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-1=0\\x^2-1=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\pm1\\x=\pm\sqrt{2}\end{cases}\left(tm\right)}\)
Vậy S = { ±1 ; ±√2 }
\(ĐK\sqrt{x-1}\ge0\Rightarrow x-1\ge0\Rightarrow x\ge1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-1}-2=t\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-3=t-1\)
\(|t|-|t-1|=1\)
\(th1:t-1+t=1\Rightarrow2t-1=1\Rightarrow2t=2\Rightarrow t=1\)
\(t=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-2=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=3\Rightarrow x-1=9\Rightarrow x=8\)
\(th2:-t-t+1=1\Rightarrow-2t=0\Rightarrow t=0\)
\(t=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=2\Rightarrow x-1=4\Rightarrow x=5\)
Vậy x = 8 : x = 5
ĐK: \(x\ge-1;y\ge3;z\ge1\)
\(\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{y-3}+\sqrt{z-1}\le\frac{x+1+1+y-3+1+z-1+1}{2}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\hept{\begin{cases}x=0\\y=4\\z=2\end{cases}\left(tm\right)}\)
\(\sqrt{x^2+x+1}=x+1\\\)
suy ra \(x^2+x+1=\left(x+1\right)^2\)
suy ra \(x^2+x+1\)= \(x^2+2x+1\)
suy ra \(x=2x\)
suy ra \(2x-x=0\)
suy ra \(x=0\)
ĐKXĐ \(x\ge2\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x-2}=t\left(t\ge0\right)\)
pt đã cho trở thành \(t^2-2t=-1\)\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-2t+1=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)^2=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow t-1=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow t=1\)(nhận)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=1\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)(nhận)
Vậy tập nghiệm của pt đã cho là \(S=\left\{3\right\}\)