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Ta có:
\(n^5+n^4-2n^3-2n^2+1=p^k\Leftrightarrow\left(n^2+n-1\right)\left(n^3-n-1\right)=p^k\)
Từ giả thiết \(\Rightarrow n,k\ge2\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}n^3-n-1>1,n^2+n-1>1,\forall n\ge2\\\left(n^3-n-1\right)-\left(n^2+n-1\right)=\left(n+1\right)n\left(n-2\right)\ge0,\forall n\ge2\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}n^3-n-1=p^r\\n^2+n-1=p^s\end{cases}}\) trong đó \(\hept{\begin{cases}r\ge s\ge0\\r+s=k\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow n^3-n-1⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n^3-n-1-\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n-1\right)⋮n^2+n-1\)
\(\Rightarrow n-2⋮n^2+n-1\) (1)
Mặt khác :
\(\left(n^2+n-1\right)-\left(n-2\right)=n^2+1>0,\forall n\)
\(\Rightarrow n^2+n-1>n-2\ge0,\forall n\ge2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => n=2 => \(p^k=25\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}p=5\\k=2\end{cases}}\)
Vậy bộ số cần tìm là (n,k,p)=(2,2,5)
\(A=\left\{a_1,a_2,...,a_k,c_1,c_2,...,c_j\right\}\\ B=\left\{b_1,b_2,...,b_m,c_1,c_2,...,c_j\right\}\\ \left|A\right|=k+j,\left|B\right|=m+j\\ A\cup B=\left\{a_1,a_2,...,a_k,b_1,b_2,...,b_m,c_1,c_2,...,c_j\right\}\Rightarrow\left|A\cup B\right|=m+k+j\\ A\cap B=\left\{c_1,c_2,...,c_j\right\}\Rightarrow\left|A\cap B\right|=j\)
\(\left|A\cup B\right|=k+j+m+j-j=\left|A\right|+\left|B\right|-\left|A\cap B\right|\)
ta có : \(Q=C^1_n+2\dfrac{C_n^2}{C_n^1}+...+k\dfrac{C^k_n}{C_n^{k-1}}+...+n\dfrac{C^n_n}{C_n^{n-1}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=\dfrac{n!}{1!\left(n-1\right)!}+2\dfrac{1!\left(n-1\right)!}{2!\left(n-2\right)!}+...+k\dfrac{\left(k-1\right)!\left(n-k+1\right)!}{k!\left(n-k\right)!}+...+\dfrac{n\left(n-1\right)!1!}{n!}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=n+\dfrac{2\left(n-1\right)}{2}+...+\dfrac{k\left(n-k+1\right)}{k}+...+\dfrac{n}{n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=n+\left(n-1\right)+...+\left(n-k+1\right)+...+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow Q=n^2-\left(1+\left(1+1\right)+\left(1+2\right)+...+\left(n-1\right)\right)\)
Bài 1:
\(\left(x^{-\frac{1}{5}}+x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^k\left(x^{-\frac{1}{5}}\right)^k\left(x^{\frac{1}{3}}\right)^{10-k}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^kx^{\frac{10}{3}-\frac{8k}{15}}\)
Trong khai triển trên có 11 số hạng nên số hạng đứng giữa có \(k=6\)
\(\Rightarrow\) Số hạng đó là \(C_{10}^6x^{\frac{10}{3}-\frac{48}{15}}=C_{10}^6x^{\frac{2}{15}}\)
Bài 2:
\(\left(1+x^2\right)^n=a_0+a_1x^2+a_2x^4+...+a_nx^{2n}\)
Cho \(x=1\Rightarrow2^n=a_0+a_1+...+a_n=1024=2^{10}\)
\(\Rightarrow n=10\)
\(\left(1+x^2\right)^{10}=\sum\limits^{10}_{k=0}C_{10}^kx^{2k}\)
Số hạng chứa \(x^{12}\Rightarrow2k=12\Rightarrow k=6\) có hệ số là \(C_{10}^6\)
Bài 3:
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^n=\sum\limits^n_{k=0}C_n^kx^k\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)^{n-k}\)
Với \(k=n-2\Rightarrow\) hệ số là \(C_n^{n-2}\left(-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2=\frac{1}{16}C_n^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{16}C_n^2=31\Rightarrow C_n^2=496\Rightarrow n=32\)
Bài 4:
Xét khai triển:
\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+xC_n^1+x^2C_n^2+...+x^nC_n^n\)
Cho \(x=2\) ta được:
\(\left(1+2\right)^n=C_n^0+2C_n^1+2^2C_n^2+...+2^nC_n^n\)
\(\Rightarrow S=3^n\)
Bài 5:
Xét khai triển:
\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+xC_n^1+x^2C_n^2+...+x^{2k}C_n^{2k}+x^{2k+1}C_n^{2k+1}+...\)
Cho \(x=-1\) ta được:
\(0=C_n^0-C_n^1+C_n^2-C_n^3+...+C_n^{2k}-C_n^{2k+1}+...\)
\(\Rightarrow C_n^0+C_n^2+...+C_n^{2k}+...=C_n^1+C_n^3+...+C_n^{2k+1}+...\)
Bài 6:
\(\left(1-4x+x^2\right)^5=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^k\left(-4x+x^2\right)^k=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}\sum\limits^k_{i=0}C_5^kC_k^i\left(-4\right)^ix^{2k-i}\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2k-i=5\\0\le i\le k\le5\\i;k\in N\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(i;k\right)=\left(1;3\right);\left(3;4\right);\left(5;5\right)\)
Hệ số: \(\left(-4\right)^1.C_5^3C_3^1+\left(-4\right)^3C_5^4.C_4^3+\left(-4\right)^5C_5^5.C_5^5\)
Cho số tự nhiên n ≥ 4. Nếu \(C_n^4\) = K thì \(A^4_n\) bằng:
A. 24K
B. 4K
C. 16K
D. \(\frac{K}{24}\)
\(K=\lim\limits n\left(\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n^3}}-1+3\left(2-\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}\right)\right)\)
\(=\lim\limits n\left[\frac{\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n^3}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n^3}\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n^3}}+1}-\frac{3\left(\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)}{2+\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}\right]\)
\(=\lim\limits\left[\frac{1-\frac{1}{n^2}}{\sqrt[3]{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n^3}\right)^2}+\sqrt[3]{1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n^3}}+1}-\frac{3\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)}{2+\sqrt{4+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{n^2}}}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{1+1+1}-\frac{3}{2+2}=-\frac{5}{12}\)
