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bài 2
22...2^33...3 + 33...3^22...2
= 22...2^33..32 . 22...2 + 33...3^22..20 . 33...3^3
= (...6) . (...2) + (...1) . (...7)
= (...2) + (...7)
= (...9)
=> chia 5 dư 4
Ta có :
\(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(S=\frac{4-1}{4}+\frac{9-1}{9}+\frac{16-1}{16}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(S=\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}+\frac{4^2-1}{4^2}+...+\frac{n^2-1}{n^2}\)
\(S=\frac{2^2}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{4^2}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{n^2}{n^2}-\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(S=1-\frac{1}{2^2}+1-\frac{1}{3^2}+1-\frac{1}{4^2}+...+1-\frac{1}{n^2}\)
\(S=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Vì từ \(2\) đến \(n\) có \(n-2+1=n-1\) số \(1\) nên :
\(S=n-1-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\right)< n-1\) \(\left(1\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{n^2}\) ta lại có :
\(A< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(A< \frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(A< 1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(S=n-1-A>n-1-1=n-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(S>n-2\) \(\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra :
\(n-2< S< n-1\)
Vì \(n>3\) nên \(S\) không là số tự nhiên
Vậy \(S\) không là số tự nhiên
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
Ta có :
\(S=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{2499}{5000}\)
\(S=1-\frac{1}{4}+1-\frac{1}{9}+1-\frac{1}{16}+...+1-\frac{1}{5000}\)
\(S=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}++\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{5000}\right)\)
\(S=49-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)< 49\)\(\left(1\right)\)
Lại có :
\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}=1-\frac{1}{50}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)>-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(S=49-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)>49-1=48\)\(\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra :
\(48< S< 49\)
Vậy S không là số tự nhiên
Chúc bạn học tốt ~
\(S=\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)+...+\left(1-\frac{1}{2500}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)\)
\(=49-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)< 49\left(1\right)\)
Có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3};...;\frac{1}{50^2}< \frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}=1-\frac{1}{50}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)>-1\)
\(\Rightarrow A=49-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}\right)>49-1=48\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => 48<A<49
Vậy S không phải là stn
4S=1+24+342+....+2014420134S=1+24+342+....+201442013
4S−S=3S=1+24+342+....+201442013−(14+242+343+....+201442014)4S−S=3S=1+24+342+....+201442013−(14+242+343+....+201442014)
3S=1+(24−14)+(342−242)+......+(201442013−201342013)−2014420143S=1+(24−14)+(342−242)+......+(201442013−201342013)−201442014
3S=1+14+142+143+.....+142013−2014420143S=1+14+142+143+.....+142013−201442014
đặt A=1+14+142+143+....+142023A=1+14+142+143+....+142023
4A−A=4+1+14+142+.....+142022−(1+14+142+....+142023)4A−A=4+1+14+142+.....+142022−(1+14+142+....+142023)
3A=4−1420233A=4−142023
A=43−13.42023A=43−13.42023
⇒3S=43−13.42023−201442024⇒3S=43−13.42023−201442024
⇒S=49−19.42023−20143.42024⇒S=49−19.42023−20143.42024
do 49<48=1249<48=12
⇒S=49−19.42023−20143.42024<48=12(đpcm)
Xét \(4S=1+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4^2}+\dfrac{4}{4^3}+...+\dfrac{2014}{4^{2013}}\)
=> \(3S=4S-S=\left(1+\dfrac{2}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{2014}{4^{2013}}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{2}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{2014}{4^{2014}}\right)\)
=> \(3S=1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}-\dfrac{2014}{4^{2014}}< 1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}\)
Đặt \(A=1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}\)
=> \(4A=4+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2012}}\)
=> \(3A=4A-A=\left(4+1+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2012}}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}\right)\)
=> \(3A=4-\dfrac{1}{4^{2013}}< 4\)
=> \(A< \dfrac{4}{3}\)
=> \(3S< \dfrac{4}{3}\)
=> \(S< \dfrac{4}{9}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(4S=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}\)
\(4S-S=3S=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+....+\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\right)\)
\(3S=1+\left(\frac{2}{4}-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{4^2}-\frac{2}{4^2}\right)+......+\left(\frac{2014}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2013}{4^{2013}}\right)-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
\(3S=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+.....+\frac{1}{4^{2013}}-\frac{2014}{4^{2014}}\)
đặt \(A=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2023}}\)
\(4A-A=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+.....+\frac{1}{4^{2022}}-\left(1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2023}}\right)\)
\(3A=4-\frac{1}{4^{2023}}\)
\(A=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2023}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3S=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2023}}-\frac{2014}{4^{2024}}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{9.4^{2023}}-\frac{2014}{3.4^{2024}}\)
do \(\frac{4}{9}< \frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{4}{9}-\frac{1}{9.4^{2023}}-\frac{2014}{3.4^{2024}}< \frac{4}{8}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)