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`Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2 ↑`
`0,2` `0,2` `(mol)`
`FeS + 2HCl -> FeCl_2 + H_2 S↑`
`0,1` `0,1` `(mol)`
`H_2 S + Pb(NO_3)_2 -> PbS↓ + 2HNO_3`
`0,1` `0,1` `(mol)`
`n_[PbS] = [ 23,9 ] / 239 = 0,1 (mol)`
`n_Y = [ 6,72 ] / [ 22,4 ] = 0,3 (mol)`
`a)` Hỗn hợp `Y` gồm khí `H_2` và `H_2 S`
`=> n_[H_2 S] = 0,1 (mol)`
`=> n_[H_2] = 0,3 - 0,1 = 0,2 (mol)`
`b)m_[hh] = 0,2 . 56 + 0,1 . 88 = 20 (g)`
\(19,1gam\) \(:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Al\\Mg\\Zn\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\underrightarrow{+O_2}\)\(Y:25,5gam\)\(\underrightarrow{+HCl}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}AgCl_3\\MgCl_2\\ZnCl_2\end{matrix}\right.\) + H2 : 0,3 mol
H2O
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(mO_2=25,5-19,1=6,4gam\) \(\Rightarrow nO_2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
BTNT O : nH2O = 0,4mol
\(\rightarrow nHCl^-\left(tdOxi\right)=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2=0,3\left(mol\right)\rightarrow nCl^-\left(tdKl\right)=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{muối}=19,1+\left(0,8+0,6\right).35,5=68,8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
______a---------------->a------>a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b----------------->b------->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+24b=10,4\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,2.95=19\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mmuối = 12,7 + 19 = 31,7(g)
a) \(n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,05<-----------0,05---->0,075
=> \(\%Al=\dfrac{0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=9,54\%\)
=> \(\%Cu=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{14,15}.100\%=90,46\%\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,15-0,05.27}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,05->0,0375
2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,2-->0,1
=> \(V_{O_2}=\left(0,1+0,0375\right).22,4=3,08\left(l\right)\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ m_{AlCl_3}=6,675\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{6,675}{133,5}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{Al}=n_{AlCl_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_A=0,05.27=1,35\left(g\right);m_{Cu}=14,15-1,35=12,8\left(g\right)\\ \%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{14,15}.100\approx90,459\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx9,541\%\\ b,n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12,8}{64}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,05=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V=V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,075.22,4=1,68\left(l\right)\\ 4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ 2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}.n_{Al}+\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Cu}=\dfrac{3}{4}.0,05+\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,0875\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,0875.22,4=1,96\left(l\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right);K_2CO_3=y\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100x+138y=37,6\\x+y=0,3\left(BTNT\left(C\right)\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{CaCO_3}=26,6\%;\%m_{K_2CO_3}=73,4\%\)
cÂU 2.
\(n_Z=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow100x+56y=25,6\left(1\right)\)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y=n_Z=0,3\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot100}{25,6}\cdot100\%=78,125\%\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=100\%-78,125\%=21,875\%\)
\(m_{muối}=m_{CaCl_2}+m_{FeCl_2}=0,2\cdot111+0,1\cdot127=34,9g\)