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Có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x^2-xy-y^2=P\\x^2+2xy+3y^2=4\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}8x^2-4xy-4y^2=4P\\Px^2+2xy+3Py^2=4P\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^2-4xy-4y^2-Px^2-2Pxy-3Py^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(8-P\right)x^2-xy\left(4+2P\right)-y^2\left(4+3P\right)=0\)
* Với \(y=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(8-P\right)x^2=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}8-P=0\\x=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}P=8\\P=0\end{cases}}\)
* Với \(y\ne0\), đặt \(t=\frac{x}{y}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow\left(8-P\right)t^2-\left(4+2P\right)t-\left(4+3P\right)=0\)
- Nếu \(P=8\Rightarrow t=-\frac{7}{5}\)
- Nếu \(P\ne8\Rightarrow\)pt có nghiệm \(\Leftrightarrow\Delta\ge0\Rightarrow\left(4+2P\right)^2-4\left(8-P\right)\left(4+3P\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16+8P+4P^2-4\left(32-3P^2+20P\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-8P^2+96P+144\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6-3\sqrt{6}\le P\le6+3\sqrt{6}\)
Vậy \(MinP=6-3\sqrt{6};MaxP=6+3\sqrt{6}\)
⇒ 8 − P x
2 = 0⇒ 8 − P = 0
x = 0 ⇒ P = 8
P = 0
* Với y ≠ 0, đặt t =
y
x
pt⇔ 8 − P t
2 − 4 + 2P t − 4 + 3P = 0
- Nếu P = 8⇒t = −
5
7
- Nếu P ≠ 8⇒pt có nghiệm ⇔Δ ≥ 0⇒ 4 + 2P
2 − 4 8 − P 4 + 3P ≥ 0
⇔16 + 8P + 4P
2 − 4 32 − 3P
2
+ 20P ≥ 0
⇔− 8P
2
+ 96P + 144 ≥ 0
⇔6 − 3 6 ≤ P ≤ 6 + 3 6
Vậy MinP = 6 − 3 6 ;MaxP = 6 + 3 6
Ta có: \(\frac{P}{4}=\frac{2x^2-xy-y^2}{x^2+2xy+3y^2}\)
Xét x=0 =>...
Xét x#0 chia cả tử và mẫu cho x2 rồi đặt \(t=\frac{y}{x}\)
Delta=....
Câu 1:
\(y^2+yz+z^2=1-\frac{3x^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2y^2+2yz+2z^2=2-3x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+y^2+z^2+3x^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y+z\right)^2+x^2+2x\left(y+z\right)+y^2+z^2+2x^2-2x\left(y+z\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2xz+z^2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=2-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A^2=2-\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2\right]\le2\forall x;y;z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le A\le\sqrt{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y=z\\x+y+z=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{-\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(A_{max}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
Câu 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(P=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+zx}\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}=\frac{9}{6}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Câu 3:
\(P=\frac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\) ( \(a\ge3;b\ge4;c\ge2\) )
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{2}\cdot\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{3}\cdot\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2\cdot\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{2+c-2}{c}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{3+a-3}{a}+\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{4+b-4}{b}=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=6\\b=8\\c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Câu 4:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b\left(a;b\ge0\right)\)
\(M=a^2-2ab+3b^2-2a+1\)
\(M=a^2-a\left(2b+2\right)+3b^2+1\)
\(\Delta=\left(2b+2\right)^2-4\left(3b^2+1\right)\)
\(=-8b^2+8b\)
\(=-8b\left(b+1\right)\ge0\)
Vì \(b\ge0\) nên \(-8b\left(b+1\right)\le0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=0\)
Khi đó \(M=a^2-2a+1=\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)