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\(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{2}-\sqrt{ab}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b-2\sqrt{ab}}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\) (1)
\(\sqrt{ab}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}\ge\frac{2ab}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{ab}\ge\frac{2\sqrt{ab}^2}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{a+b}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{ab}}{a+b}-1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\sqrt{ab}-a-b}{a+b}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{-\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2}{a+b}\le0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy \(\sqrt{ab}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\) (2)
Từ (1) ; (2) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{2}\ge\sqrt{ab}\ge\frac{2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\) (đpcm)
a ) Giả sử : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge2\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2\ge2a^2+4ab+2b^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( Điều này luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\) Điều giả sử là đúng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
b ) Giả sử : \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2ac+2bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+6\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge6\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+ac+bc\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(a^2-2ac+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2\ge0\)
( Điều này luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow\) Điều giả sử là đúng
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{3}\right)^2\)
\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
:D
CM theo bdt co-si
Áp dụng bdt Co - si cho cặp số dương a2/c và c
Ta có: \(\frac{a^2}{c}+c\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{c}.c}=2a\)(1)
CMTT: \(\frac{b^2}{a}+a\ge2b\)(2)
\(\frac{c^2}{b}+b\ge2c\)(3)
Từ (1); (2) và (3) cộng vế theo vế, ta có:
\(\frac{a^2}{c}+c+\frac{b^2}{a}+a+\frac{c^2}{b}+b\ge2a+2b+2c\)
<=> \(\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}\ge2a+2b+2c-a-b-c=a+b+c\)(Đpcm)
\(\frac{a^2}{c}+\frac{b^2}{a}+\frac{c^2}{b}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a+b+c}=a+b+c\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}\frac{4}{a+b}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{4}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2}\frac{4}{c+a}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a+b}+\frac{2}{b+c}+\frac{2}{c+a}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)>= \(\frac{a}{a+a}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì a + a >= a + b vì a >= b )
\(\frac{b}{b+c}\) >= \(\frac{b}{b+b}\)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì b + b >= b + c vì b >= c )
\(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{c}{c+c}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)( vì c + c >= c + a vì c>=0 )
Từ 3 điều này suy ra
\(\frac{a}{a+b}\)+ \(\frac{b}{b+c}\)+ \(\frac{c}{c+a}\)>= \(\frac{3}{2}\)
dễ dàng c/m (x+y+z)(1/x+1/y+1/z) \(\ge\) 9,dấu "=" khi x=y=z (*)
a/a+b +b/b+c +c/c+a >= 3/2
<=>(a/b+c + 1) + (b/c+a + 1) + (c/a+b + 1) >= 3/2+1+1+1
<=>(a+b+c)/(b+c) + (a+b+c)/(c+a) + (a+b+c)/(a+b) >= 9/2
<=>2(a+b+c)(1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2
<=>[(b+c)+(c+a)+(a+b)](1/b+c + 1/c+a + 1/a+b) >= 9/2 (bđt (*))
Đặt: a + b = x; b + c = y; c + a = z
Thì ta có: x \(\ge\)z \(\ge\)y
Theo đề bài ta có:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{a+b}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{b}{b+c}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{c}{c+a}-\frac{1}{2}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a-b}{2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{b-c}{2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{2\left(c+a\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{z-y}{2x}+\frac{x-z}{2y}+\frac{y-x}{2z}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy^2+yz^2+zx^2-x^2y-y^2z-z^2x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\left(z-x\right)\ge0\)(1)
Mà ta lại có
\(\hept{\begin{cases}y-x\le0\\z-x\le0\\z-y\ge0\end{cases}}\)nên (1) đúng
\(\Rightarrow\)ĐPCM
Đấu = xảy ra khi x = y = z hay a = b = c
Đặt b+c=m
a+c=n
a+b=p
=>a+b+c =\(\frac{m+n+p}{2}\)
a=\(\frac{n+p-m}{2}\)
b=\(\frac{m+p-n}{2}\)
c=\(\frac{m+n-p}{2}\)
=>\(\frac{n+p-m}{2m}+\frac{m+n-p}{2n}+\frac{m+n-p}{2p}\)
=\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{n}{m}+\frac{m}{n}\right)\) +\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p}{m}+\frac{m}{p}\right)\) +\(\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{p}{n}+\frac{n}{p}\right)\) -\(\frac{3}{2}\) \(\ge\) \(\frac{3}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi cho 2 số \(\frac{n}{m};\frac{m}{n}\) ta được:
Từ chứng minh tiếp ....
Đây nhé,một lời giải không thể quen thuộc hơn=)
Bổ sung đk a, b, c > 0.
Đặt \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(x^3;y^3;z^3\right)\)
BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x+y\right)z+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
Kết hợp đk x, y, z > 0 suy ra đpcm.
Bạn tra trên google ấy