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\(D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D-D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{4^2}-\frac{3}{4^3}-\frac{4}{4^4}-...-\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\right)-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M-M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^3}-\frac{1}{4^4}-...-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}< \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}=\frac{40}{90}< \frac{45}{90}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2019.2020}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2019}-\frac{1}{2020}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2020}< 1\)
Vậy \(A< 1\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(B=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{50^2}< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{49.50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{49}-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< \frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow B< \frac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Lời giải:
$D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+......+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}$
$4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+....+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}$
Trừ theo vế:
\(3D=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow 12D=4+1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
Trừ theo vế:
$9D=4-\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}$
$=4-\frac{6061}{4^{2019}}< 4$
$\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}<\frac{4}{8}$ hay $D< \frac{1}{2}$ (đpcm)
1.
a.
\(\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{7}\)
\(=\frac{35-21-15}{105}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{105}\)
b.
\(\frac{3}{5}-\left(\frac{3}{4}-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=\frac{3}{5}-\frac{3}{4}+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(=\frac{12-15+10}{20}\)
\(=\frac{7}{20}\)
c.
\(\frac{4}{7}-\left(\frac{2}{5}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(=\frac{4}{7}-\frac{2}{5}-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(=\frac{60-42-35}{105}\)
\(=-\frac{17}{105}\)
2.
a.
\(S=-\frac{1}{1\times2}-\frac{1}{2\times3}-\frac{1}{3\times4}-...-\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\times n}\)
\(S=-\left(\frac{1}{1\times2}+\frac{1}{2\times3}+\frac{1}{3\times4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\times n}\right)\)
\(S=-\left(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(S=-\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(S=-1+\frac{1}{n}\)
b.
\(S=-\frac{4}{1\times5}-\frac{4}{5\times9}-\frac{4}{9\times13}-...-\frac{4}{\left(n-4\right)\times n}\)
\(S=-\left(\frac{4}{1\times5}+\frac{4}{5\times9}+\frac{4}{9\times13}+...+\frac{4}{\left(n-4\right)\times n}\right)\)
\(S=-\left(1-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{9}-\frac{1}{13}+...+\frac{1}{n-4}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(S=-\left(1-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(S=-1+\frac{1}{n}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
1) Tính C
\(C=\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+....+\frac{n-1}{n!}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{2!}+\frac{3-1}{3!}+\frac{4-1}{4!}+...+\frac{n-1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{3!}-\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)!}-\frac{1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n!}\)
3) a) Ta có : \(P=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{199}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}-1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}-...-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}A=-\frac{1}{2020}-\frac{3}{2019^2}-\frac{5}{2019^3}-\frac{7}{2019^4}^{ }\\B=-\frac{1}{2020}-\frac{7}{2019^2}-\frac{5}{2019^3}-\frac{3}{2019^4}\end{cases}}\)
=>\(A-B=-\frac{1}{2020}-\frac{3}{2019^2}-\frac{5}{2019^3}-\frac{7}{2019^4}+\frac{1}{2020}+\frac{7}{2019^2}+\frac{5}{2019^3}+\frac{3}{2019^4}\)
\(=>A-B=\left(-\frac{3}{2019^2}+\frac{7}{2019^2}\right)+\left(-\frac{7}{2019^4}+\frac{3}{2019^4}\right)\)
=>\(A-B=\frac{4}{2019^2}+-\frac{4}{2019^4}\)
=>\(A-B=\frac{2019^2.4}{2019^4}-\frac{4}{2019^4}\)
=>\(A>B\)
cách này mình tự nghĩ
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2020}}{\frac{1}{2019}+\frac{2}{2018}+\frac{3}{2017}+...+\frac{2018}{2}+\frac{2019}{1}}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2020}}{\frac{1}{2019}+1+\frac{2}{2018}+1+\frac{3}{2017}+1+...+\frac{2018}{2}+1+1}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2020}}{\frac{2020}{2019}+\frac{2020}{2018}+\frac{2020}{2017}+...+\frac{2020}{2}+\frac{2020}{2020}}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2020}}{2020\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2020}\right)}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{1}{2020}\)