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Ta chứng minh điều sau: Nếu \(a,b>0\) thì \(2a^2+ab+2b^2\ge\frac{5\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}.\) Thực vậy bất đẳng thức cần chứng minh tương đương với
\(8a^2+4ab+8b^2\ge5\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0.\)
Quay lại bài toán, áp dụng nhận xét ta được
\(\sqrt{2x^2+xy+2y^2}\ge\frac{5\left(x+y\right)}{2},\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}\ge\frac{5\left(y+z\right)}{2},\sqrt{2z^2+zx+2x^2}\ge\frac{5\left(z+x\right)}{2}.\)
Cộng các bất đẳng thức lại ta sẽ được \(VT\ge\frac{5}{2}>\sqrt{5}.\)
Đặt \(\left(a,b,c\right)=\left(\sqrt{x},\sqrt{y},\sqrt{z}\right)\).
Xét 4 số m, n, p, q. Ta sẽ chứng minh \(\left(m+n+p+q\right)^2\le4\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2\right)\) (*)
Thật vậy:
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow2\left(mn+np+pq+qm+mp+nq\right)\le3\left(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-n\right)^2+\left(n-p\right)^2+\left(p-q\right)^2+\left(q-m\right)^2+\left(m-p\right)^2+\left(n-q\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng).
Từ đó: \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\le4\left(x+y+z+z\right)=4\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}\le2\sqrt{x+y+2z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{x+y+2z}}=\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{\sqrt{x+y+2z}}\le\frac{2\sqrt{x}\sqrt{y}}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+2\sqrt{z}}=\frac{2ab}{a+b+2c}\le\frac{1}{2}ab\frac{4}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)}\le\frac{1}{2}ab\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)\)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(\sum\sqrt{\frac{xy}{x+y+2z}}\le\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{bc}{c+a}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\sum a=\frac{1}{2}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\)
Áp dụng ( a+b)2 \(\ge4ab\)ta có :
( x+ 2y)2 = \(\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4.\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right).\frac{3y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\frac{2z+x}{z.\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\)
=> \(A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)1}\le\frac{2x-1+1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le x\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}\)
\(\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)
Do đó
A \(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)
Vậy Max A = 3 khi x = y = z = 1
Theo Cô-si ta có:
\(3=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\ge\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\le3\)
Xét:
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}-\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{xy\left(x+2y\right)}+\frac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{yz\left(y+2z\right)}+\frac{\left(z-x\right)^2}{zx\left(z+2x\right)}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le3\)
TA CÓ:
\(B=\frac{1}{\sqrt{x\left(y+2z\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y\left(z+2x\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{z\left(x+2y\right)}}\ge\frac{1}{\frac{x+y+2z}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{y+z+2x}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{z+x+2y}{2}}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{18}{3\sqrt{3}}=\frac{6}{\sqrt{3}}\)
DẤU BẰNG XẢY RA:\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\frac{B}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3x\left(y+2z\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3y\left(z+2x\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3z\left(x+2y\right)}}\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{\frac{3x+y+2z}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{3y+z+2x}{2}}+\frac{1}{\frac{3z+x+2y}{2}}\ge\frac{2\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{6\left(x+y+z\right)}=\frac{18}{6\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge\frac{18\sqrt{3}}{6\sqrt{3}}=3\)
Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
HSG toán 9 Quảng Nam năm 2018-2019
Giải: Từ đẳng thức đã cho suy ra: \(x>\frac{1}{2};y>\frac{1}{2};z>\frac{1}{2}\). Áp dụng (a+b)2 >= 4ab ta có:
\(\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}+\frac{3y}{2}\right)^2\ge4\cdot\left(\frac{2x+y}{2}\right)\cdot\frac{3y}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2\ge3y\left(2x+y\right)\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x+2y}\le\frac{x+2y}{3y}\Rightarrow\frac{2x+y}{x\left(x+2y\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{2y+z}{y\left(y+2z\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\\\frac{2z+x}{z\left(z+2x\right)}\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{2}{z}+\frac{1}{x}\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\left("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\right)\)
Ta có \(\sqrt{\left(2x-1\right)\cdot1}\le\frac{\left(2x-1\right)+1}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x-1}\le2\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{y}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}},\frac{1}{z}\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}\)Do đó:
\(A\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{2x-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2y-1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2z-1}}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1
Vậy GTLN của A=3 đạt được khi x=y=z=1