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Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}+\frac{a(b+c)}{4}\geq 2\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}.\frac{a(b+c)}{4}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4a^2}}=\frac{1}{a}=\frac{abc}{a}=bc\)
Tương tự:
\(\frac{1}{b^3(c+a)}+\frac{b(c+a)}{4}\geq \frac{1}{b}=ac\)
\(\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)}+\frac{c(a+b)}{4}\geq \frac{1}{c}=ab\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}+\frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\geq ab+bc+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\geq \frac{ab+bc+ac}{2}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM: \(ab+bc+ac\geq 3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\ge \frac{3}{2}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c=1$
Lời giải:
Đặt vế trái là $A$
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
\(\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)(a+b+b+c+c+c)\geq (1+1+1+1+1+1)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\geq \frac{36}{a+2b+3c}\)
Hoàn toàn TT:
\(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{3}{a}\geq \frac{36}{b+2c+3a}\)
\(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{a}+\frac{3}{b}\geq \frac{36}{c+2a+3b}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow 6\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\geq 36A\)
\(\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{1}{6}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
Theo đkđb: \(ab+bc+ac=abc\Rightarrow \frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=1\)
Do đó: \(A\leq \frac{1}{6}< \frac{3}{16}\) (đpcm)
Câu 3. Dự đoán dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Dùng phương pháp chọn điểm rơi thôi :)
LG
Áp dụng bđt Cô-si được \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\ge\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{27}\ge a^2b^2c^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}\ge abc\)
Khi đó :\(B=a+b+c+\frac{1}{abc}\)
\(=a+b+c+\frac{1}{9abc}+\frac{8}{9abc}\)
\(\ge4\sqrt[4]{abc.\frac{1}{9abc}}+\frac{8}{9.\frac{1}{\sqrt{27}}}\)
\(=4\sqrt[4]{\frac{1}{9}}+\frac{8\sqrt{27}}{9}=\frac{4}{\sqrt[4]{9}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}}=\frac{12}{\sqrt{3}}=4\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vậy .........
2, \(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+b}\)
\(A=\left[\frac{a^2}{b+c}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{b^2}{a+c}+\frac{\left(a+c\right)}{4}\right]+\left[\frac{c^2}{a+b}+\frac{\left(a+b\right)}{4}\right]-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(A\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{b^2}{4}}+2.\sqrt{\frac{c^2}{4}}-\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
\(A\ge a+b+c-\frac{6}{2}\)
\(A\ge6-3\)
\(A\ge3\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\frac{a^2}{b+c}=\frac{b+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4a^2=\left(b+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2a=b+c\)(1)
\(\frac{b^2}{a+c}=\frac{a+c}{4}\Leftrightarrow4b^2=\left(a+c\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2b=a+c\)(2)
\(\frac{c^2}{a+b}=\frac{a+b}{4}\Leftrightarrow4c^2=\left(a+b\right)^2\Leftrightarrow2c=a+b\)(3)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(3\right)\)ta có:
\(2a-2c=c+b-a-b=c-a\)
\(\Rightarrow2a-2c-c+a=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3.\left(a-c\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-c=0\Leftrightarrow a=c\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}b=c\\a=b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(2\ge a\ge b\ge c\ge1\)
Khi đó dễ thấy dấu = sẽ đạt được tại biên, tức a=2, c=1 nên ta sẽ dồn các biến ra biên
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{c}-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}\le\dfrac{a}{c}+1\)
\(\left(\dfrac{b}{a}-1\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{b}-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}+\dfrac{c}{b}\le\dfrac{c}{a}+1\)
Do đó \(VT\le2\left(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)+2\) nên chỉ cần chứng minh \(\dfrac{a}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\le\dfrac{5}{2}\)(*) hay \(\dfrac{\left(a-2c\right)\left(2a-c\right)}{2ac}\le0\) ( luôn đúng do \(c\le a\le2c\) )
Vậy ta có đpcm. Dấu = xảy ra khi a=2, c=1, b=1 hoặc a=2, c=1, b=2 và các hoán vị tương ứng.
+ \(2a+b+c=\left(a+b\right)+\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\ge2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\) ( theo AM-GM )
\(\Rightarrow\left(2a+b+c\right)^2\ge4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(2a+b+c\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow b=c\)
+ Tương tự : \(\frac{1}{\left(2b+c+a\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = c
\(\frac{1}{\left(2c+a+b\right)^2}\le\frac{1}{4\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
Do đó : \(P\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{a+b+c}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge2\sqrt{ab}\cdot2\sqrt{bc}\cdot2\sqrt{ca}\)\(=8abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{a+b+c}{16abc}\)
+ \(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}\ge\frac{2}{ab}\). Dấu :=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\ge\frac{2}{bc}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> b = c
\(\frac{1}{c^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}\ge\frac{2}{ca}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> c = a
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge\frac{a+b+c}{abc}\) \(\Rightarrow a+b+c\le3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3abc}{16abc}=\frac{3}{16}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Câu 3/ \(\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2+\left(y-t\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(y+t\right)^2}\)
\(\le\sqrt{1+2xz-2yt}+\sqrt{1-2xz+2yt}\)
\(\le\dfrac{1+1+2xz-2yt}{2}+\dfrac{1+1-2xz+2yt}{2}=1+1=2\)
Có: \(\dfrac{a+1}{1+b^2}=\dfrac{\left(1+b^2\right).\left(a+1\right)-b^2\left(a+1\right)}{1+b^2}=a+1-\dfrac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{1+b^2}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho 2 số dương 1 và b2 ta được
\(1+b^2\ge2b\Rightarrow-\dfrac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{1+b^2}\ge-\dfrac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}=-\dfrac{ab+b}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+1}{1+b^2}\ge a+1-\dfrac{ab+b}{2}\)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b+1}{1+c^2}\ge b+1-\dfrac{bc+c}{2};\dfrac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge c+1-\dfrac{ac+a}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\left(a+b+c\right)+3-\dfrac{\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}\)
Ta có \(ab+bc+ca\le\dfrac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+ac+bc\le\dfrac{1}{3}.3^2=3\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge3+3-\dfrac{3+3}{2}=3\)(đpcm)
Chả biết đúng hay sai,làm đại.:v
Dự đoán dấu "=" xảy ra tại a = b = c = 1
Với dự đoán đó,
Xét \(\dfrac{a+1}{1+b^2}=2-\dfrac{a+1}{1+b^2}\ge2-\dfrac{a+1}{2b}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b+1}{1+c^2}\ge2-\dfrac{b+1}{2c};\dfrac{c+1}{1+a^2}\ge2-\dfrac{c+1}{2a}\)
Cộng theo vế 3BĐT,ta có: \(VT\ge2+2+2-\dfrac{a+1}{2b}+\dfrac{b+1}{2c}+\dfrac{c+1}{2a}\)
\(=6-\dfrac{a+1}{2b}+\dfrac{b+1}{2c}+\dfrac{c+1}{2a}\)
\(\ge6-\dfrac{2b}{2b}+\dfrac{2c}{2c}+\dfrac{2a}{2a}=3^{\left(đpcm\right)}\) (do dự đoán a = b = c = 1 nên \(a+1\le2b\))
Vậy điều ta dự đoán là đúng.
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c=1