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Ta có : \(\dfrac{\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2axcz+2bycz=a^2x^2+b^2x^2+c^2x^2+a^2y^2+b^2y^2+c^2y^2+a^2z^2+b^2z^2+c^2z^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2axby+2axvz+2bycz=a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2y^2+b^2x^2+a^2z^2+c^2x^2+b^2z^2+c^2y^2-2axby-2azcx-2bycz=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2y^2-2axby+b^2x^2\right)+\left(a^2z^2-2azcx+c^2x^2\right)+\left(b^2z^2-2bycz+c^2y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ay-bx\right)^2+\left(az-cx\right)^2+\left(bz-cy\right)^2=0\)
Do \(\left(ay-bx\right)^2\ge0;\left(az-cx\right)^2\ge0;\left(bz-cy\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay-bx=0\\az-cx=0\\bz-cy=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}ay=bx\\az=cx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\\\dfrac{c}{z}=\dfrac{a}{x}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}=\dfrac{c}{z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
:D
Bạn tham khảo bài tương tự tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Rồng Con - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến
Ta có: \(B=bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+caz^2+cax^2+aby^2-2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)\) (1)
Từ giả thiết suy ra:
\(a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2\left(bcyz+acxz+abxy\right)=0\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(B=ax^2\left(b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b\right)+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=ax^2\left(a+b+c\right)+by^2\left(a+b+c\right)+cz^2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{B}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
Đặt: B = bc(y-z)2 + ca(z-x)2 + ab(x-y)2
= bcy2 + bcz2 + caz2 + cax2 + abx2 + aby2 - 2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) (1)
=> a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2 + 2(bcyz + acxz + abxy) = 0 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
B = ax2(b+c) + by2(a+c) + cz2(a+b) + a2x2 + b2y2 + c2z2
= ax2(a+b+c) + by2(a+b+c) + cz2(a+b+c)
= (az2+by2+cz2)(a+b+c)
Vậy \(A=\dfrac{B}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
Ta có:
\(ax+by+cz=0\Rightarrow\left(ax+by+cz\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2+2axby+2bycz+2axcz=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2=-2axby-2bycz-2axcz\)
Ta có:
\(bc\left(y-z\right)^2+ca\left(z-x\right)^2+ab\left(x-y\right)^2=bc\left(y^2-2yz+z^2\right)+ca\left(z^2-2xz+x^2\right)+ab\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=bcy^2-2bcyz+bcz^2+acz^2-2acxz+acx^2+abx^2-2abxy+aby^2\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+acz^2+acx^2+abx^2+aby^2-2axby-2bycz-2axcz\)
\(=bcy^2+bcz^2+acz^2+acx^2+abx^2+aby^2+a^2x^2+b^2y^2+c^2z^2\)
\(=\left(abx^2+a^2x^2+acx^2\right)+\left(bcy^2+aby^2+b^2y^2\right)+\left(bcz^2+acz^2+c^2z^2\right)\)
\(=ax^2\left(b+a+c\right)+by^2\left(c+a+b\right)+cz^2\left(b+a+c\right)\)
\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)\)
Thay vào A ta được:
\(A=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)}{ax^2+by^2+cz^2}=a+b+c\)
1) Đặt \(B=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
\(C=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=x^2+y^2+z^2\)
Suy ra: \(C=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)=2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2=3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{B}{C}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2) \(x^2-2y^2=xy\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+xy-2xy-2y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x+y\right)-2y\left(x+y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+y\right)=0\)
Do \(x+y\ne0\) nên \(x-2y=0\Leftrightarrow x=2y\)
Do đó: \(A=\dfrac{2y-y}{2y+y}=\dfrac{y}{3y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)